Table 3.

Serum and urinary albumin and microprotein: control, diabetic, diabetic rats treated with nanoemulsified garlic oil blend (Dia + GNE) and diabetic rats treated garlic oil blend (Dia + GO), diabetic rats treated with atorvastatin (Dia + Ator)

Urine and serum parameters	Control	Diabetic	Dia + GNE	Dia + GO	Dia + Ator
Urinary albumin: creatinine ratio
M1	40.5 ± 3.52	97.3 ± 5.02a*	101 ± 3.4	109.3 ± 3.7	114.3 ± 4.69
M3	42 ± 2.2	355 ± 14.5a**	123 ± 3.4b**	341 ± 5.4c***	215 ± 12c*
M5	43 ± 2.3	513 ± 30.2a**	88 ± 6.25b**	201 ± 13.1b*c*	250.3 ± 9.0b*c**
Urinary microprotein: creatinine ratio
M1	296 ± 3.92	755 ± 24.8a**	547 ± 6.13b*	700.2 ± 14.8c**	282 ± 10.1b**c***d***
M3	296 ± 3.53	1189 ± 33.4a***	932 ± 4.02b*	931.5 ± 7.02b*	906.2 ± 10.8b*c*d*
M5	298 ± 1.82	1907 ± 35.6a***	518 ± 9.09b***	623 ± 4.6b***c*	1100 ± 8.76b**c****d****
Serum albumin
M1	4.1 ± 0.04	3.8 ± 0.04	3.6 ± 0.036	3.8 ± 0.03	3.39 ± 0.02
M3	4.20 ± 0.04	3.5 ± 0.04a*	3.8 ± 0.03b***	3.5 ± 0.06	3.24 ± 0.02c*d**
M5	4.05 ± 0.05	2.3 ± 0.05a**	4.05 ± 0.03b**	3.8 ± 0.044b*	3.4 ± 0.04b*c***
Serum protein
M1	8.05 ± 0.05	7.7 ± 0.051a*	7.5 ± 0.02	7.3 ± 0.023	7.2 ± 0.04
M3	8.23 ± 0.04	6.77 ± 0.054a**	6.8 ± 0.03	6.4 ± 0.016	6.6 ± 0.02
M5	8.01 ± 0.04	6.4 ± 0.05a***	7.6 ± 0.03b**	7.4 ± 0.016b*c*	7.2 ± 0.02b*c*d**

M Month. Values represent the mean ± standard error (n = 6) of the samples. Significant difference between Control and Diabetic groups: ^a*p < 0.05, ^a**p < 0.001, ^a***p < 0.001. Significant difference between Diabetic and Dia + GNE, Dia + GO, Dia + Ator: ^b*p < 0.05, ^b**p < 0.01, ^b***p < 0.001. Significant difference between Dia + GNE and Dia + GO, Dia + GNE and Dia + Ator: ^c*p < 0.05, ^c**p < 0.01, ^c***p < 0.001, ^c****p < 0.0001. Significant difference between Dia + GO and Dia + Ator: ^d**p < 0.01, ^d***p < 0.001, ^d****p < 0.0001