. 2020 Apr 28;17(3):363–373. doi: 10.1007/s13770-020-00249-5

Table 2.

The outcomes of treatment with osteoblasts on bone turnover markers’ level in primary osteoporosis rat model

Group	Parameter
Sham	481.2 ± 20.72	50.70 ± 3.86	130.00 ± 41.07	218.20 ± 12.31
Osteoporotic	187.5 ± 124.37^a,b (− 61.03%)	67.50 ± 11.45^a (33.13%)	556.50 ± 71.53^a (328.07 %)	435.00 ± 124.37^a (99.35%)
OM	425.0 ± 25.00^b (126.6 %)	55.00 ± 8.10^b (–18.51%)	520.00±90.82^a (− 6.55%)	377.00 ± 95.95^a (–13.33%)
Au-NPs	462.0 ± 92.03^b (146.4%)	47.10 ± 2.65^b (–30.22%)	191.86±27.01^b,c (− 65.52%)	233.20 ± 33.78^b,c (– 46.39%)
Au/HA-NPs	440.0 ± 22.36^b (134.66%)	58.00±11.51 (–14.07%)	422.00±98.33^a,b,c,d (− 24.16 %)	290.00 ± 72.02^b,c (– 33.33%)

Group

Parameter

OSX (pg/ml)

BALP (ng/ml)

SOST (pg/ml)

BSP (pg/ml)

Sham

481.2 ± 20.72

50.70 ± 3.86

130.00 ± 41.07

218.20 ± 12.31

Osteoporotic

187.5 ± 124.37^a,b

(− 61.03%)

67.50 ± 11.45^a

(33.13%)

556.50 ± 71.53^a

(328.07 %)

435.00 ± 124.37^a

(99.35%)

425.0 ± 25.00^b

(126.6 %)

55.00 ± 8.10^b

(–18.51%)

520.00±90.82^a

(− 6.55%)

377.00 ± 95.95^a

(–13.33%)

Au-NPs

462.0 ± 92.03^b

(146.4%)

47.10 ± 2.65^b

(–30.22%)

191.86±27.01^b,c

(− 65.52%)

233.20 ± 33.78^b,c

(– 46.39%)

Au/HA-NPs

440.0 ± 22.36^b

(134.66%)

58.00±11.51

(–14.07%)

422.00±98.33^a,b,c,d

(− 24.16 %)

290.00 ± 72.02^b,c

(– 33.33%)

Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation (S.D.)

^aSignificant change at p < 0.05 versus the sham group

^bSignificant change at p < 0.05 versus the osteoporotic group

^cSignificant change at p < 0.05 versus the OM group

^dSignificant change at p < 0.05 versus the Au-NPs group

(%): Percentage change versus the corresponding control value