Table 1.
Associations between complication grade and patient demographics and co‐morbidity
| Highest Clavien–Dindo grade | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n † | Overall | None | I–II | III–V | P ‡ | |
| Age at operation (years) * | 430 | 64·9(9·4) | 63·7(10·3) | 65·6(8·5) | 65·3(9·2) | 0·162§ |
| Male sex | 430 | 342 (79·5) | 109 of 138 (79·0) | 120 of 144 (83·3) | 113 of 148 (76·4) | 0·566 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) * | 409 | 26·4(4·9) | 27·1(5·4) | 26·2(4·9) | 25·9(4·4) | 0·139§ |
| ASA grade | 390 | n = 117 | n = 138 | n = 135 | 0·032 | |
| 1 | 79 (20·3) | 25 (21·4) | 31 (22·5) | 23 (17·0) | ||
| 2 | 207 (53·1) | 67 (57·3) | 75 (54·3) | 65 (48·1) | ||
| 3 | 96 (24·6) | 22 (18·8) | 31 (22·5) | 43 (31·9) | ||
| 4 | 8 (2·1) | 3 (2·6) | 1 (0·7) | 4 (3·0) | ||
| ECOG performance score | 303 | n = 93 | n = 110 | n = 100 | 0·041 | |
| 0 | 134 (44·2) | 48 (52) | 51 (46·4) | 35 (35·0) | ||
| 1 | 136 (44·9) | 33 (35) | 52 (47·3) | 51 (51·0) | ||
| 2 | 33 (10·9) | 12 (13) | 7 (6·4) | 14 (14·0) | ||
| Co‐morbidity | n = 125 | n = 138 | n = 140 | |||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 403 | 53 (13·2) | 13 (10·4) | 18 (13·0) | 22 (15·7) | 0·198 |
| Renal impairment | 403 | 4 (1·0) | 2 (1·6) | 1 (0·7) | 1 (0·7) | 0·512 |
| Diabetic | 403 | 48 (11·9) | 10 (8·0) | 18 (13·0) | 20 (14·3) | 0·109 |
| COPD | 403 | 31 (7·7) | 7 (5·6) | 10 (7·2) | 14 (10·0) | 0·178 |
| Previous cancer | 403 | 19 (4·7) | 5 (4·0) | 4 (2·9) | 10 (7·1) | 0·242 |
| Significant smoking history | 403 | 60 (14·9) | 14 (11·2) | 25 (18·1) | 21 (15·0) | 0·399 |
| Alcohol misuse/heavy drinker | 403 | 9 (2·2) | 1 (0·8) | 4 (2·9) | 4 (2·9) | 0·226 |
Values in parentheses are percentages unless indicated otherwise;
*
values are mean(s.d.).
†
Number of patients with data available for the stated factor. ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
‡
Kendall's τ, except
§
Jonckheere–Terpstra test.