Table 2.
Multivariable analysis for risk of sepsis versus infection
| Biomarker* | Indicator for | Odds ratio | P | Benjamini–Hochberg P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mid‐regional proadrenomedullin (nmol/l) | ED | 11·53 (4·15, 32·08) | < 0·001 | 0·006 |
| Syndecan 1 (pg/ml) | ED | 9·48 (2·86, 31·38) | < 0·001 | 0·006 |
| Thrombomodulin (pg/ml) | ED | 4·14 (1·28, 13·39) | 0·018 | 0·040 |
| Angiopoietin 2 (pg/ml) | ED | 3·70 (1·80, 7·59) | < 0·001 | 0·006 |
| Endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1 (pg/ml) | ED | 3·58 (1·45, 8·83) | 0·006 | 0·022 |
| Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (pg/ml) | ED | 2·72 (1·10, 6·76) | 0·031 | 0·047 |
| E‐selectin (pg/ml) | ED | 2·32 (1·12, 4·81) | 0·023 | 0·041 |
| Lipocalin 2 (pg/ml) | ND | 2·27 (1·16, 4·44) | 0·016 | 0·040 |
| MMP8 (pg/ml) | ND | 1·90 (1·23, 2·96) | 0·004 | 0·016 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | AR | 1·83 (1·41, 2·37) | < 0·001 | 0·006 |
| Chitinase 1 (CHIT1) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·81 (1·24, 2·64) | 0·002 | 0·009 |
| Stomatin (STOM) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·68 (1·09, 2·60) | 0·020 | 0·040 |
| MMP9 (MMP9) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·67 (1·14, 2·44) | 0·008 | 0·026 |
| Interleukin‐1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·64 (1·12, 2·42) | 0·011 | 0·006 |
| MMP8 (MMP8) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·64 (1·23, 2·19) | 0·001 | 0·033 |
| Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·62 (1·23, 2·15) | 0·001 | 0·006 |
| Transcobalamin 1 (TCN1) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·56 (1·07, 2·27) | 0·021 | 0·040 |
| Lactoferrin (LTF) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·55 (1·16, 2·06) | 0·002 | 0·009 |
| Bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein (BPI) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·52 (1·07, 2·17) | 0·020 | 0·040 |
| CD24 (CD24) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·51 (1·05, 2·17) | 0·026 | 0·043 |
| C‐reactive protein (mg/l) | AR | 1·51 (1·05, 2·18) | 0·028 | 0·044 |
| MMP25 (MMP25) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·46 (1·05, 2·05) | 0·026 | 0·043 |
| CD177 (CD177) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·31 (1·05, 1·65) | 0·020 | 0·040 |
| Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·28 (1·05, 1·55) | 0·012 | 0·033 |
Values in parentheses are 95 per cent confidence intervals.
Biomarker values correspond to napierian logarithms. Variables adjusted for gene expression biomarkers were age, cardiovascular disease, immunosuppression, high BP, chronic respiratory disease, chronic renal disease, abdominal surgery, other surgery, respiratory source of infection and abdominal source of infection; variables adjusted for protein biomarkers were age, immunosuppression, high BP, chronic respiratory disease, chronic renal disease, urgent surgery, abdominal surgery, other surgery, respiratory source of infection and abdominal source of infection (Table S4 , supporting information). ED, endothelial dysfunction; ND, neutrophil degranulation; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; AR, acute‐phase response; EG, emergency granulopoiesis; CD, cluster of differentiation.