Table 3.
Multivariable analysis for risk of septic shock versus sepsis
| Biomarker* | Indicator for | Odds ratio | P | Benjamini–Hochberg P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proteinase 3 (pg/ml) | ND | 8·09 (1·34, 48·91) | 0·023 | 0·028 |
| Lipocalin 2 (pg/ml) | ND | 6·62 (2·47, 17·77) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Syndecan 1 (pg/ml) | ED | 6·10 (1·77, 21·06) | 0·004 | 0·006 |
| Mid‐regional proadrenomedullin (nmol/l) | ED | 4·58 (1·99, 10·58) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Thrombomodulin (pg/ml) | ED | 4·52 (1·42, 14·34) | 0·011 | 0·014 |
| Interleukin‐18 receptor type 1 (IL18R1) (copies/ng) | ND | 4·22 (2·26, 7·85) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Stomatin (STOM) (copies/ng) | EG | 3·74 (1·87, 7·45) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Interleukin‐1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2) (copies/ng) | EG | 3·72 (2·10, 6·58) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Angiopoietin 2 (pg/ml) | ED | 3·02 (1·29, 7·10) | 0·011 | 0·014 |
| MMP8 (pg/ml) | ND | 2·97 (1·55, 5·67) | 0·001 | 0·002 |
| MMP9 (MMP9) (copies/ng) | EG | 2·67 (1·55, 4·59) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) (copies/ng) | EG | 2·45 (1·71, 3·50) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| MMP8 (MMP8) (copies/ng) | EG | 2·43 (1·74, 3·38) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Transcobalamin 1 (TCN1) (copies/ng) | EG | 2·36 (1·62, 3·44) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Lactoferrin (pg/ml) | ND | 2·30 (1·38, 3·84) | 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Myeloperoxidase (pg/ml) | ND | 2·26 (1·20, 4·25) | 0·011 | 0·014 |
| Lactoferrin (LTF) (copies/ng) | EG | 2·24 (1·59, 3·15) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein (BPI) (copies/ng) | EG | 2·23 (1·49, 3·36) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| CD24 (CD24) (copies/ng) | EG | 2·15 (1·47, 3·16) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Chitinase 1 (CHIT1) (copies/ng) | EG | 2·01 (1·42, 2·83) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| CD177 (CD177) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·97 (1·30, 2·99) | 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·85 (1·42, 2·40) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 8 (CEACAM8) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·78 (1·31, 2·41) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | AR | 1·73 (1·31, 2·29) | < 0·001 | 0·002 |
| Myeloperoxidase (MPO) (copies/ng) | EG | 1·36 (1·02, 1·81) | 0·038 | 0·044 |
Values in parentheses are 95 per cent confidence intervals.
Biomarker values correspond to napierian logarithms. Variables adjusted for gene expression biomarkers were age, abdominal surgery, abdominal source of infection, bacteraemia, other sources of infection, presence of Gram‐negative organisms and presence of polymicrobial infection; variables adjusted for protein biomarkers were surgical‐site source of infection, bacteraemia, presence of Gram‐negative organisms, and presence of polymicrobial infection (Table S4 , supporting information). ND, neutrophil degranulation; ED, endothelial dysfunction; EG, emergency granulopoiesis; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; CD, cluster of differentiation; AR, acute‐phase response.