Table 5.
Characteristics and results of the studies.
| Study | Objective | Maloclusion | Intervention | Orthodontic tt | Duration tt | Rresults |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbas et al. 2016 [33] | Ortho vs Ortho + Corticotomy vs Ortho + Piezocision |
Class II- I |
Corticotomy: Flap: V 4mm from GM, from M U2 to M U4. Cuts: Vertical M and D of U3 + MOPs Piezocision: Cuts M and D to U3, 2mm from GM. |
Alignment: Brackets 022″, finishing with SS archwire 16 × 22″ Canine retraction: NiTi spring + 150gf. Force application: Immediately post-corticotomy Orthodontic control: Every 2 weeks |
Canine retraction in 3 months: Ortho (0,60mm), Corticotomy (1,22mm), Piezocision (0,99mm). Higher root resorption in C than S group. |
|
| Bahammam 2016 [34] | Corticotomy vs Corticotomy + bovine xenograft vs Corticotomy + bioactive glass | Class I + Moderate crowding |
Corticotomy: Flap: V distal to L3. Cuts: With SS round bur. Verticals, 1–2 mm from alveolar crest and teeth apex. Bone grafts: S1 (no graft) S2(Bovine xenograft), S3 (Bioactive glass) Antibiotic tt + Analgesic tt + Diuretic tt for 7 days |
Alignment: Brackets 022” + NiTi archwires 0,012″, 0.014″, 0.016″ y 0.018″, finishing with SS archwire 16 × 22″ Force application: 2 weeks post-cort. Orthodontic control: Every 2 weeks Periodontal control: Every month |
S1: 15 weeks S2: 16,8 weeks S3: 14,1 weeks |
Bone Density pre-Tt vs post-Tt S1: - 29.82%, S2: - 14.43%, S3: - 24.04%. Bone Density post-Tt vs 9 months post-Tt. S1: + 0.87%, S2: + 31.99%, S3: +13.71%. Bovine xenograft better than bioactive glass. |
| Charavet et al. 2016 [35] | Ortho vs Ortho + Piezocision | Light crowding |
Piezocision: Vertical interradicular cuts, 5mm long and 3mm deep. Analgesic tt + CHX rinses 0.2% 7 days |
Alignment: Damon System, with NiTi archwires 0,014″, 0.018″, 0.014” × 0.025″, 0,018”×0,025”, finishing with SS archwire 19 × 25”. Force application: 1 week pre- corticotomy Orthodontic control: Every 2 weeks |
Treatment time 43% longer in ortho than ortho + corticotomy. No changes in recessions, root resorption, bone density or fenestrations. | |
| Ma et al. 2015 [36] | Ortho vs Ortho + Corticotomy | Impacted mandibular third molars | Mucoperiosteal flap and occlusovestibular osteotomy. Piezocision: Vertical interradicular cuts, 2mm from alveolar crest + horizontal apical cut. Antibiotic tt + Analgesic tt. CHX rinses 0.12%. |
Distalization(mesially or horizontally impacted molars): Hook boned to impacted tooth and attached to a 0.016″ SS spring welded to a band in L7. Extrusion: Cantilever 17 × 25 ″of the main arch. Orthodontic control: Every month with CT. |
S: 4 months C:7,5 months |
Mean Treatment Time: C: 7, 5 months S: 4 months. No difference in surgery time, extraction time or complications. |
| Alikhani et al. 2013 [37] | Ortho vs Ortho + Piezocision | Class II-I | U4 extraction 6 months before. Piezocision: Three MOPs D to 1.3 or 2.3 (random) |
Alignment: Brackets 022″, finishing with SS archwire16 × 22”. Canine retraction: NiTi spring + 100gf + traction from microimplant (between U5-U6) |
Canine retraction 2.3 times greater in S than C and contralateral side. | |
| Al-Naoum et al. 2013 [38] | Ortho vs Ortho + Corticotomy | Class II-I y II-II | U4 extraction 4 weeks before. Corticotomy: Flap: V and P. Cuts: vertical, interradicular, 1–2 mm from alveolar crest + horizontal cut 2–3 mm suprapical on V and palatal sulcus level on P + MOPs V and P |
Alignment: Brackets 022″, finishing with SS archwire19 × 25”. Canine retraction: NiTi spring + 120gf. Force application: Immediately post-corticotomy Orthodontic control: Every 2 weeks |
Dental movement time: 2–4 faster in S than C the first week post-corticotomy. No differences between genders. | |
| Shoreibah et al. 2012 [39] | Corticotomy vs Corticotomy + bone graft | Class I + Moderate crowding. |
Corticotomy: Flap: V distal to L3. Cuts: With SS bur, vertical, interradicular,1–2 mm from alveolar crest and teeth apex. Study group: +bone graft Antibiotic tt + Analgesic tt + Antidematous tt for 7 days. CHX rinses 0.12% for 14 days. |
Alignment: Brackets 022″, finishing with SS archwire 19 × 25”. Force application: Immediately post-corticotomy Orthodontic control: Every 2 weeks |
S: 16,67 weeks C: 17 weeks |
Average bone density increase: S: 128,3% C: 47,6% 6 months post- Tt vs pre-Tt. S: +25, 85%. C: -17,59% |
| Shoreibah et al. 2012 [40] | Ortho vs Ortho + Corticotomy | Class I + Moderate crowding. |
Corticotomy: Flap: V distal to L3. Cuts: With SS bur, vertical, interradicular, 1–2 mm from AC and teeth apex. Antibiotic tt + Analgesic tt + Antidematous tt for 7 days. CHX rinses 0.12% for 14 days. |
Alignment: Brackets 022″, finishing with SS archwire 19 × 25”. Force application: Immediately post-corticotomy Orthodontic control: Every 2 weeks |
S:17,5 weeks C:49 weeks |
Bone density 6 months post- Tt: S: - 21,8% C:- 37,2%. CT: S: 1.5 ± 0.9 mm. C: 1.7 ± 9.5 mm |
| Aboul-Ela et al. 2011 [41] | Ortho vs Ortho + Corticotomy | Class II-I + Augmented overjet. |
Extraction of 1st U4 a day before + 2nd U4 corticotomy day. Corticotomy: Flap: V 4mm from GM, from M U2 to M U4 Cuts: With SS bur, MOPs from U2 to U5 |
Alignment: Brackets 022″, finishing with SS archwire16 × 22”. Canine retraction: NiTi spring + 150gf + traction from microimplant (between U5- U6) |
Dental movement rate 2 times higher in ortho + corticotomy. during the first 2 months. 1.6 times greater the 3rd month and 1.06 times greater the 4th month. |
S: Study Group. C: Control Group. V: Vestibular. M: Mesial. D: Distal. U: Upper. L: Lower. GM: Gingival Margin. MOPs: Microperforations. Tt: Treatment. gf: Gram-force. Ortho: Orthodontic treatment. SS: Stainless Steel. CT: Computed Tomography. tt: treatment.