Table 5.
Impacts of CCR5Δ32 on HCV infection.
| Population | Sample | Main findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| German | 153 HCV-infected individuals; 102 HIV-infected individuals; 130 HCV/HIV co-infected individuals; 102 non-infected individuals | The CCR5Δ32 polymorphism (Δ32 allele and homozygous genotype) was associated with increased susceptibility to HCV infection; The CCR5Δ32 homozygous genotype was associated with increased HCV loads | Woitas et al. (2002) |
| German | 156 chronic HCV-infected individuals | The CCR5Δ32 allele was associated with reduced response rates to interferon-α monotherapy | Ahlenstiel et al. (2003) |
| Caucasian | 62 chronic HCV-infected individuals; 119 non-infected individuals | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection, HCV-related liver disease or therapy response | Glas et al. (2003) |
| European | 544 HCV-infected individuals with persistent infection; 128 individuals who cleared the virus (547 individuals were genotyped for CCR5Δ32) | The CCR5Δ32 polymorphism was associated with reduced portal inflammation and increased liver fibrosis | Hellier et al. (2003) |
| Information not available | 235 chronic HCV-infected individuals; 96 non-infected individuals | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection or HCV-related disease progression | Mangia et al. (2003) |
| Slovenian | 150 HCV-infected individuals; 101 HIV-infected individuals; 385 non-infected individuals | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection | Poljak et al. (2003) |
| American | 417 individuals with liver disease (including 339 HCV-infected individuals); 2380 non-infected individuals | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection, HCV-related liver disease or therapy response | Promrat et al. (2003) |
| Caucasian (American; European) | 1419 hemophiliacs (stratified in the analyzes according to serological status for HCV and HIV) | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection; This study indicated that the results of Woitas et al. (2002) was affected by the inclusion of hemophiliacs in the HCV-infected group | Zhang et al. (2003) |
| Japanese | 105 chronic HCV-infected individuals; 53 non-infected individuals | The CCR5Δ32 allele was not detected in any individuals included in the study | Konishi et al. (2004) |
| German | 257 chronic HCV-infected individuals; 250 non-infected individuals | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection, HCV-related liver disease or therapy response | Mascheretti et al. (2004) |
| Spanish | 139 HCV-infected individuals; 100 non-infected individuals | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection or liver injury | Ruiz-Ferrer et al. (2004) |
| Israeli | 127 chronic HCV-infected individuals; 48 HCV-infected individual who had undergone liver transplantation due to liver cirrhosis; 75 non-infected individuals | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection; The CCR5Δ32 allele was associated with reduced liver inflammation | Wald et al. (2004) |
| German | 333 HCV-infected individuals; 125 non-infected individuals | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection; No major association between the CCR5Δ32 and HCV-related liver disease or therapy response | Wasmuth et al. (2004) |
| Irish | 196 chronic HCV-infected individuals; 88 individuals who cleared the virus; 120 non-infected individuals | The CCR5Δ32 polymorphism was associated with HCV clearance and less severe hepatic inflammatory scores | Goulding et al. (2005) |
| Belgian | 163 HCV-infected individuals; 310 non-infected individuals | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection | Thoelen et al. (2005) |
| Information not available | 252 chronic HCV-infected individuals; 408 non-infected individuals | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection, HCV-related liver disease or therapy response | Goyal et al. (2006) |
| Information not available | 21 HCV-infected hemophiliacs | The CCR5Δ32 allele was associated with reduced anti-viral (mediated by interferon-γ) response | Ahlenstiel et al. (2009) |
| German | 277 chronic HCV-infected individuals; 119 individuals who cleared the virus; 105 non-infected individuals | The CCR5Δ32 wild-type genotype was associated with spontaneous viral clearance. Therefore, CCR5Δ32 allele can be considered a risk factor for persistent infection | Nattermann et al. (2011) |
| Egyptian | 190 Schistosoma mansoni/HCV co-infected individuals; 220 S. mansoni-infected individuals | The CCR5Δ32 allele was associated with spontaneous viral clearance in co-infected individuals | El-Moamly et al. (2013) |
| Australian; European | 813 chronic HCV-infected individuals; 836 non-infected individuals | The CCR5Δ32 homozygous genotype was associated with chronic HCV infection (especially in Europeans); No association between the CCR5Δ32 and therapy response | Suppiah et al. (2013) |
| Swiss; Italian | 1290 chronic HCV-infected individuals; 160 individuals who cleared the virus | The CCR5Δ32 allele was associated with decreased rates of spontaneous viral clearance; No association between the CCR5Δ32 and HCV-related liver disease or therapy response | Morard et al. (2014) |
| Turkish | 58 chronic HCV-infected individuals; 58 non-infected individuals | The CCR5Δ32 allele was associated with higher HCV load and reduced histology activity index in liver samples | Yilmaz et al. (2014) |
| Iranian | 100 HCV-infected individuals; 100 non-infected individuals | The CCR5Δ32 was not detected in any individuals included in the study | Bineshian et al. (2018) |
| Brazilian | 674 HCV-infected individuals; 104 HCV/HIV co-infected individuals; 300 HIV-infected individuals; 274 non-infected individuals | No association between the CCR5Δ32 and susceptibility to HCV infection or HCV/HIV co-infection; No association between the CCR5Δ32 and HCV-related fibrosis, cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma | Ellwanger et al. (2018b) |