Table 1.
Biochemical parameters of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after 45 days of treatment with yoghurt enriched with curcumin, alone or in combination with aminoguanidine.
| Groups | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYOG | DYOG | DINS | DC | DA-50 | DCA-50 | DA-100 | DCA-100 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 10.5 ± 0.4 | 18.6 ± 0.3a | 13.8 ± 0.6a,b | 15.3 ± 0.5a,b,c | 17.1 ± 0.4a,b,c | 17.0 ± 0.4a,b,c | 16.0 ± 0.4a,b,c | 15.6 ± 0.5a,b,c |
| Fructosamine (μmol/L) | 74.4 ± 6.3 | 209.9 ± 18.3a | 118.9 ± 9.8a,b | 168.5 ± 12.2a,b,c | 163.6 ± 8.0a,b,c | 172.6 ± 6.7a,b,c | 159.6 ± 9.4a,b,c | 167.9 ± 12.3a,b,c |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 94.4 ± 9.5 | 229.5 ± 23.3a | 81.0 ± 10.1b | 157.9 ± 18.9a,b,c | 150.1 ± 22.3a,b,c | 115.4 ± 9.7b | 158.5 ± 11.9a,b,c | 109.2 ± 9.9b |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 57.0 ± 2.0 | 72.2 ± 1.7a | 57.4 ± 2.0b | 63.9 ± 1.1a,b,c | 64.2 ± 2.2a,b,c | 56.9 ± 1.9b,d,e | 65.3 ± 2.4a,b,c | 60.3 ± 2.9b |
| ALT (U/L) | 80.9 ± 3.6 | 226.5 ± 13.5a | 93.4 ± 6.4b | 173.9 ± 13.6a,b,c | 171.1 ± 12.1a,b,c | 182.1 ± 21.9a,b,c | 178.2 ± 14.7a,b,c | 169.7 ± 9.0a,b,c |
| AST (U/L) | 107.2 ± 4.5 | 182.8 ± 17.1a | 96.9 ± 6.4b | 137.1 ± 8.3b | 134.2 ± 12.8b | 139.0 ± 14.9b | 135.7 ± 8.2b | 130.5 ± 8.2b |
| ALP (U/L) | 176.1 ± 10.4 | 1313.2 ± 93.8a | 275.7 ± 30.45b | 915.3 ± 69.15a,b,c | 911.0 ± 90.02a,b,c | 903.4 ± 89.80a,b,c | 1354.3 ± 97.4a,c,d,e,f | 1113.7 ± 90.1a,c,g |
| Proteinuria (mg/24 h) | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 17.7 ± 1.4a | 5.0 ± 0.8b | 11.8 ± 0.9a,b,c | 18.7 ± 0.9a,c,d | 12.0 ± 1.2a,b,c,e | 16.8 ± 1.3a,c,d | 14.7 ± 1.2a,c |
Values are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (n = 10). NYOG: normal rats treated with yoghurt; DYOG: diabetic rats treated with yoghurt; DINS: diabetic rats treated with 4 U/day insulin; DC: diabetic rats treated with 90 mg/kg curcumin in yoghurt; DA-50: diabetic rats treated with 50 mg/kg aminoguanidine in yoghurt; DCA-50: diabetic rats treated with 90 mg/kg curcumin+50 mg/kg aminoguanidine in yoghurt; DA-100: diabetic rats treated with 100 mg/kg aminoguanidine in yoghurt; DCA-100: diabetic rats treated with 90 mg/kg curcumin+100 mg/kg aminoguanidine in yoghurt. Differences between groups were considered significant at p < 0.05 and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. a Differences to NYOG. b Differences to DYOG. c Differences to DINS. d Differences to DC.e Differences to DA-50. f Differences to DCA-50. g Differences to DA-100.