Fig. 3.

The average labeling per carbon (%) in intracellular compounds after incubating pennycress embryos with [¹³C]glucose. ¹³C atoms incorporated in sugars, amino acids, phosphorylated compounds, and organic acids were determined and measured by LC-MS/MS. The average labeling per carbon for each metabolite was calculated as a percentage from three biological replicates. The percentages are represented by orange pie charts. The boxes labeled plastid, mitochondria, and cytosol include metabolites that are specifically synthesized in these compartments. Abbreviations (in alphabetical order): AcCoA(p, c, m), (plastidic, cytosolic, mitochondrial) acetyl-CoA; AKG, α-ketoglutarate; CIT, citrate; E4P, erythrose 4-phosphate; F1,6BP, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; F6P, fructose 6-phosphate; FAE, fatty acid elongation; FAS, fatty acid synthesis; FUM, fumarate; G6P, glucose 6-phosphate; GLC, glucose; GLYP, glycerol phosphate; H6P, hexose 6-phosphates; ICIT, isocitrate; MAL, malate; OAA, oxaloacetate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; 6PG, 6-phosphogluconate; PGA, phosphoglycerate; P5P, pentose 5-phosphates; PYR, pyruvate; S7P, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate; SUCC, succinate; TAG, triacylglycerols; and TP(p), (plastidic) triose phosphates.