Fig. 5.

Mass isotopomer distribution in organic acids after labeling pennycress embryos with [U-¹³C₅]glutamine. ¹³C atoms incorporated into organic acids were detected and measured by LC-MS/MS. Bar graphs representing the abundances (%) of all mass isotopomers are shown next to the corresponding intermediates. Each value is the average, and the error bars are the SD of three biological replicates. The black star and the white arrow highlight M+4 and M+5, respectively. Abbreviations (in alphabetical order): AcCoA, acetyl-Co A; AKG, α-ketoglutarate; CIT, citrate; FUM, fumarate; ICIT, isocitrate; MAL, malate; OAA, oxaloacetate; and SUCC, succinate.