Table 1.
Surveys on prevalence of social risk screening and/or social care interventionsa
| Category | Survey-fielding organization (year of administration) | Sample characteristics | Sample size (response rate) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Payers | Change Healthcare & HealthCare Executive Group (2018) [26] | Private payers and healthcare executives (N= > 2000) | n = 120 (6%). Of the respondents, 54% represented health plans. |
| Change Healthcare & HealthCare Executive Group (2019) [27] | Private payers and healthcare executives (N= > 2000) | Not reported. | |
| Institute for Medicaid Innovation (2019) [28] | Medicaid Managed Care Organizations | n not reported, though report describes that sample represents 69% of Medicaid managed care covered lives | |
| Kaiser Family Foundation (2017) [29] | Medicaid Managed Care Organizations (N = 277) | n = 95 plans (34%), representing 31 of 39 states. | |
| Health Care Delivery Systems | America’s Essential Hospitals Essential Hospitals Institute (2016) [30] | Safety-net hospitals (N = 108 systems, representing 242 hospitals) | n = 44 systems (41%) representing 109 hospitals (42%) |
| American Pediatrics Association Continuity Research Network (2017) [31] | Pediatric resident continuity clinics (N = 158) | n = 65 (41%) | |
| Children’s Hospital Association (2015) [32] | Children’s hospitals (N = 207) | n = 73 (35%) | |
| Commonwealth Fund (2013) [33] | FQHCs (N = 1128) | n = 679 (60%) | |
| Commonwealth Fund (2018) [34, 35] | FQHCs (N = 1367) | n = 694 (51%) | |
| Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice (2018) b [17] | Hospitals (N = 1628) | n = 757 (47%) | |
| Deloitte Center for Health Solutions (2017) [36] | Hospitals and health systems (N = 4257) | n = 284 (22%) | |
| National Center for Medical-Legal Partnerships (2016) [37, 38] | Health care organizations participating in MLPs (N = 266) | n = 128 (48%) | |
| Numerof & Associates (2018) [39] | Health care organization executives (N = 9600) | n = 411 (4.3%) | |
| Providers | American Academy of Pediatrics (2014) [16] | Pediatricians (N = approx. 1500) | n = 708 (47%) |
| American Association of Family Physicians (2017) [40] | Family physicians (N = 5000) | n = 484 (10%) | |
| Commonwealth Fund (2012) [41] | Primary care physicians in 11 countries, including the US (N = 3067) | 2012: US: n = 1012 (33%) | |
| Commonwealth Fund (2015) [24, 42] | Primary care physicians in 11 countries, including the US (N = 2567) | 2015: US: n = 1001 (39%) | |
| Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice (2018) [17] | Physician practices (N = 4976). | n = 2333 (47%) | |
| Leavitt Partners Physician Survey (2018) [43] | Active physicians (N not provided) | n = 550; response rate unknown | |
| Patients/Consumers | Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Bureau of Primary Health Care (2009) [23] | Health center patients (N not provided) | n = 4562 patients from 112 health centers |
| HRSA Bureau of Primary Health Care (2014) [23] | Health center patients (N not provided) | n = 7002 patients from 169 health centers | |
| Leavitt Partners Consumer Survey (2018) [43] | Adults 18 or over in the US (N not provided) | n = 5006; response rate unknown | |
| National Council on Aging (2014) [44] | Older adults (N not provided) | n = 3279; response rate unknown | |
| Waystar (2018) [45] | Consumers (N not provided) | n = 500; response rate unknown |
aFour surveys were administered twice—one time/year in two different years. Each administration is listed separately since response rates (and in some cases questions) differed across administrations
bThe Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice (2018) survey is listed twice as results were reported separately for hospital/system respondents and physician practice respondents
FQHC Federally Qualified Health Center