Table 2:
Patient characteristics
| Variable | Day 1 MODS Absent | Day 1 MODS Present | P-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NPMODS Absent N=183 | NPMODS Present N=57 | NPMODS Absent N=236 | NPMODS Present N=91 | All Groupsd | NPMODS absent vs. presente | |
| Age (years) | 5 (1–11) | 3 (0.3–11) | 2 (0.6–10) | 4 (0.5–12) | 0.09 | 0.56 |
| Sex (male) | 88 (48) | 30 (53) | 137 (58) | 47 (52) | 0.24 | 0.73 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.23 | 0.11 | ||||
| White | 84 (46) | 24 (42) | 104 (44) | 40 (44) | ||
| Black | 20 (11) | 5 (9) | 41 (17) | 14 (15) | ||
| Asian | 23 (13) | 13 (23) | 26 (11) | 16 (18) | ||
| Other/Unknown | 56 (31) | 15 (26) | 65 (28) | 21 (23) | ||
| Source PICU Admit, n (%) | 0.25 | 0.18 | ||||
| ED | 56 (31) | 19 (33) | 73 (31) | 19 (21) | ||
| Hospital ward | 48 (26) | 18 (32) | 58 (24) | 34 (38) | ||
| Operating room | 16 (9) | 5 (9) | 26 (11) | 3 (3) | ||
| Other hospital | 55 (30) | 15 (26) | 67 (28) | 29 (32) | ||
| Other | 8 (4) | 0 | 12 (5) | 6 (7) | ||
| Previously healthy, n (%) | 33 (18) | 17 (30) | 54 (23) | 24 (26) | 0.19 | 0.08 |
| Comorbid conditionsa, n (%) | ||||||
| Respiratory | 68 (37) | 12 (21) | 66 (28) | 26 (29) | 0.07 | 0.15 |
| Gastrointestinal | 54 (30) | 15 (26) | 48 (20) | 24 (26) | 0.17 | 0.63 |
| Cardiovascular | 37 (20) | 13 (23) | 69 (29) | 17 (19) | 0.10 | 0.22 |
| Genetic | 41 (22) | 10 (18) | 48 (20) | 16 (18) | 0.78 | 0.34 |
| Hematologic/Immunologic | 38 (21) | 5 (9) | 39 (17) | 32 (35) | <0.001 | 0.08 |
| Neuromuscular | 47 (26) | 8 (14) | 31 (13) | 11 (12) | 0.004 | 0.11 |
| Malignancy | 25 (14) | 6 (11) | 27 (11) | 22 (24) | 0.03 | 0.05 |
| Prematurity | 27 (15) | 9 (16) | 33 (14) | 7 (8) | 0.33 | 0.28 |
| Metabolic | 21 (11) | 4 (7) | 27 (11) | 10 (11) | 0.084 | 0.50 |
| Renal | 14 (8) | 5 (9) | 23 (10) | 13 (14) | 0.38 | 0.24 |
| Organ transplant/BMT | 16 (9) | 4 (7) | 14 (6) | 20 (22) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| PIM-3b | 2.4 (1.4–4.8) | 2.3 (1.6–6.7) | 4.5 (1.8–10.7) | 7.7 (4.1–15.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| PELODc | 10 (1–11) | 11 (3–20) | 11 (2–13) | 11 (3–21) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Data presented as median (interquartile range) unless noted.
ED, emergency department; BMT, bone marrow transplant; PIM, pediatric index of mortality; PELOD, pediatric logistic organ dysfunction; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Categories do not add up to 100% because some patients had multiple comorbid conditions.
PIM-3 was measured at time of PICU admission.
PELOD score was calculated from data within a 48-hour time window around the study day (9:00 am on the day before to 9:00 am on the day after the study day).
Statistical comparison across all four groups using Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact or chi-squared tests for categorical variables
Statistical comparison between patients with NPMODS absent versus present (irrespective of day 1 MODS presence) using Wilcoxon rank sum for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact or chi-squared tests for categorical variables