Table 4:

Patient Outcomes

Outcome Measure	Day 1 MODS Absent		Day 1 MODS Present		P-valuec
	NPMODS Absent N=183	NPMODS Present N=57	NPMODS Absent N=236	NPMODS Present N=91	All Groupsd	NPMODS absent vs. presente
PICU mortality	18 (10)	16 (28)	62 (26)	43 (47)	<0.001	<0.001
Hospital mortality	19 (10)	16 (28)	64 (27)	46 (51)	<0.001	<0.001
PICU LOS, median (IQR)	10 (4–23)	15 (10–33)	18 (9–43)	19 (10–39)	<0.001	0.01
Hospital LOS, median (IQR)	20 (10–38)	30 (17–53)	34 (15–71)	30 (17–62)	0.001	0.10
Vasoactive-free days, median (IQR)	28 (26–28)	23 (9–27)	21 (6–25)	17 (0–23)	<0.001	<0.001
Ventilator-free days, median (IQR)	26 (16–28)	10 (0–22)	12 (0–22)	6 (0–17)	<0.001	<0.001
At least mild disabilitya	29 (18)	21 (51)	53 (31)	13 (29)	<0.001	0.005
At least moderate disabilityb	18 (11)	12 (29)	33 (19)	10 (22)	0.02	0.02

Data presented as n (%) unless noted. P-values represent comparisons using Kruskal-Wallis for continuous and Fisher’s exact or chi-squared tests for categorical variables.

IQR, interquartile range; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; NPMODS, new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

^aAny increase in Pediatric Overall Performance Category (POPC) from baseline to hospital discharge in the 422 hospital survivors.

^bDischarge Pediatric Overall Performance Category ≥3 and an increase of ≥1 from baseline in the 312 hospital survivors.

^cStatistical significance defined as p<0.006 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.

^dStatistical comparison across all four groups using Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact or chi-squared tests for categorical variables

^eStatistical comparison between patients with NPMODS absent versus present (irrespective of day 1 MODS presence) using Wilcoxon rank sum for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact or chi-squared tests for categorical variables