Figure 4.

A, The relationship between attribute A and entity 3 is explicit in the formal structure of the array. However, the relationship between attribute A and attribute C is implicit and has to be inferred by the user from features external to the table eg, conventions around interpreting tabular data. The external conventions are not part of, or known to, the table and may not be known to the user. B, For example, a user may (in this case, correctly) infer that “sex” is a property of “species” and not “outcome,” but this inference is made using external conventions and contextual understanding—the relationship is not in fact known to the table. All the table can assert is that each entity 1 through 6 has a relationship to properties of sex, age, species, and outcome, respectively.