Table 2.
Partial list of membrane localized proteins that bind PS ASOs
| A. PS ASO binding proteins localized to plasma membranes | ||||
| Protein | Effects on ASO activity | Ref | ||
| ASGPR | Productive | Tanowitz M, et al., 2018, NAR | ||
| EGFR | Productive | Wang S., et al., 2018, NAR | ||
| LDLR | N/D | Wang S., et al., unpublished | ||
| M6PR | Productive | Liang XH et al., 2020, NAR | ||
| TLR | (May mediate inflammatory effects) | Kandimalla, E.R., et al., 2013, NAR | ||
| Stabilin | Productive | Miller C., et al., 2016, NAR | ||
| SRB | N/D | Wang S., et al., unpublished | ||
| Nucleolin | N/D | Kotula JW., et al., 2012, NAT | ||
| B. Proteins that affect ASO trafficking and endosomal release | ||||
| Protein | Pathway | ASO co-localization | Role in ASO trafficking | Ref. |
| AP2M1 | Clathrin-mediated transport | Not determined | Productive uptake | Koller E., et al., 2011, NAR |
| EEA1 | EE maturation | EE | EE to LE transport | Miller CM et al., 2018, NAT |
| Rab5C | EE maturation | EE | EE to LE transport | |
| Rab7a | LE maturation | LE | EE to LE transport | |
| STX5 | Golgi tethering of COPII | LE | COPII relocalization to LE | Liang XH., et al., 2018, NAR |
| P115 | Golgi tethering of COPII | No | COPII relocalization to LE | |
| COPII | ER-Golgi transport | LE | ASO release from LE | |
| M6PR | Golgi-LE transport | LE / Vesicles | ASO release from LE | Liang XH et al., 2020, NAR |
| GCC2 | Golgi tethering | LE | M6PR LE-Golgi shuttling | |
| ANXA2 | EE – LE transport | LE | ASO release from LE | Liang XH et al., 2015, NAR. Wang S., et al., 2017, NAR. |
| TCP1 | Chaperon | LE | ASO release from LE | Liang XH et al., 2015, NAR |
| ALIX | LE maturation | Not determined | ASO release from LEs | Wang S et al., 2017 NAR |
| TSG101 | Endosomal transport | LE | Inhibit productive uptake | Wagenaar TR et al., 2015, NAR |
| VPS28 | Endosomal transport | LE | Inhibit productive uptake | |