Table 2.
Adverse events reports. Selection of adverse drug reactions reported for the different compounds.
| Product | Patient | Country | Year | Adverse reaction | Possible interaction with other drugs/ supplements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mix of BCAA | Multiple reports | UK | 2015−2018 | Vomiting; dyspnoea; diarrhoea; dehydration | – |
| Female; 70 years | Canada | 2012 | Asthenia; cold sweat; diarrhoea; feeling abnormal; vomiting | – | |
| Female; 23 years | Canada | 2015 | Abdominal pain; cheilitis; diarrhoea; disorientation; dyspnoea; feeling abnormal; gait disturbance; gengival pain; hypersensitivity; ocular hyperaemia; palpitations; paraesthesia; peripheral swelling; swelling face; throat tightness | – | |
| Male | Canada | 2016 | Blood glucose decreased | insulin | |
| Male; 29 years | Canada | 2015 | Abdominal pain; anxiety; blood pressure increased; chest pain; dehydration; diarrhoea; disorientation; dyskinesia; gait disturbance; heart rate increased; hyperhidrosis; hyperventilation; hypokinesia; muscle spasms; pain in extremity; respiratory rate increased; seizure; tongue discoloration; toxicity to various agents; yellow skin | ibuprofen; nadolol | |
| Male; 19 years | Canada | 2013 | Rhabdomyolysis | energy drink + creatine | |
| Female; 63 years | Canada | 2017 | Blood pressure fluctuation | lisinopril; ASA; metoprolol; N-acetylcysteine | |
| Leucine | Female; 80 years | USA | 2010 | Vitamin B6 increased; pain in extremity; neuropathy peripheral; hypoaesthesia | – |
| Mix of arginine, others amino acids and caffeine | Female; 31 years | Canada | 2009 | Asthenia; burning sensation; Chest discomfort; Daydreaming; Disability; Dizziness; Feeling of body temperature change; Fine motor skill dysfunction; Heart rate increased; Movement disorder; Musculoskeletal stiffness; Palpitations | – |
| L-arginine | Male; 64 years | Canada | 2012 | Diarrhoea; myocardial infarction; nausea | carvedilol; atorvastatin; furosemide; warfarin |
| Male; 12 years | Canada | 2015 | Chromaturia; flank pain; haematuria | clonidine | |
| Male; 69 years | USA | 2014 | Palpitations; heart rate increased | – | |
| Female; 86 years | USA | 2016 | Neutrophil and monocyte percentage increase; lymphocyte percentage decrease; hyponatraemia; hypertension; hyperkalaemia; heart rate irregular; haematocrit decreased; fatigue; dizziness; discomfort; blood urea increased; blood sodium, calcium and chloride decreased; blood albumin decreased; atrioventricular block complete; alanine aminotransferase increased | – | |
| Multiple reports | UK | 2006−2015 | Supraventricular arrhythmias; malaise; neutropenia | – | |
| Multiple reports | Europe | 2019 | Cardiac and gastrointestinal disorders, hypotension | – | |
| L-glutamine | Female; 48 years | Canada | 2002 | Ear disorder; headache; hypoacusis; pruritus; rectal haemorrhage; vomiting | ginseng |
| Female 40 years | USA | 2014 | Psychomotor hyperactivity; panic attack; nervousness; heart rate increased; disturbance in attention; discomfort; confusional state; cerebrovascular accident | – | |
| Female; 27 years | USA | 2014 | Vomiting; nausea; jaundice; hepatic enzyme increased; hepatic enzyme increased; chills; body temperature increased; blood bilirubin increased; abdominal pain | – | |
| Female; 65 years | USA | 2015 | Syncope; nausea; dizziness; blood pressure decreased | – | |
| Not specified | USA | 2017 | Vomiting; vision blurred; paraesthesia; neurological symptom; nausea; insomnia; hypoaesthesia; dysarthria; dizziness; depression; confusional state; balance disorder; anxiety; amnesia | – | |
| Creatine | Male; 16 years | Canada | 2008 | Blood creatine increased; chest pain; renal failure; thrombosis | – |
| Male; 34 years | Canada | 2006 | Hyperhidrosis; nausea; vomiting | – | |
| Male; 28 years | USA | 2014 | Muscle spasms; blood creatine phosphokinase increased | – | |
| Male; 25 years | USA | 2014 | Acute renal failure; iatrogenic injury; blood thyroid stimulating hormone decreased; blood creatine increased | – | |
| Taurine | Male; 14 years) | Canada | 2007 | Arrhythmia; dry mouth; rash; skin discolouration; speech disorder; tongue oedema; tremor | – |
| Male; 41 years | USA | 2016 | Renal pain; micturition urgency; back pain | – | |
| Not specified | USA | 2017 | Vomiting; pyrexia; nausea; hospitalisation; hepatic pain; headache; abdominal pain upper | – | |
| Multiple reports | UK | 2014−2018 | Diarrhoea; vomiting; headache; dyspnoea; flushing | – | |
| Green tea | Female; 63 years | Canada | 2008 | Constipation ; dizziness; fatigue; phlebitis superficial | turmeric; aspirin |
| Male; 63 years | Canada | 2015 | Haemorrhagic stroke | – | |
| Female; 17 years | Canada | 2016 | Abdominal distension; atelectasis; blood creatinine increased; chest pain; hepatic failure; hepatitis acute; hepatomegaly; malaise; nausea; pain; pleural effusion; renal failure; renal tubular necrosis; transaminases increased; urine output decreased; vomiting; weight increased | ethinyl estradiol; norgestimate; ibuprofen | |
| Female; 23 years | Canada | 2014 | Liver function test abnormal; hepatitis acute; hepatic enzyme increased; blood bilirubin increased; blood alkaline phosphatase increased; aspartate aminotransferase increased | – | |
| Female; 66 years | USA | 2014 | Hepatitis; fatigue; dyspnoea; diarrhoea; chromaturia | – | |
| Male; 70 years | USA | 2014 | Heart rate irregular | – | |
| Omega 3-6-9 Fish Oil | Female; 46 years | Canada | 2005 | Arrhythmia; dizziness; lethargy; palpitations; pruritus; rash papular; urticaria | – |
| Female; 65 years | Canada | 2010 | Rash macular; rash pruritic | – | |
| Female; 57 years | Canada | 2010 | Pruritus; rash; skin disorder | – | |
| Male; 38 years | Canada | 2012 | Blood mercury abnormal | – | |
| Female; 58 years | Canada | 2012 | Abdominal pain; arthralgia; asthenia; chest discomfort; cough; fall; flushing; gallbladder disorder; hair texture abnormal; headache; joint swelling; lymphadenopathy; muscle spasms; nausea; neck pain; nephrolithiasis; neuropathy peripheral; oesophageal pain; pain in extremity; peripheral swelling; skull fracture; spider vein; | salbutamol; imatinib; allopurinol | |
| Male; 88 years | Canada | 2018 | Bedridden; drug ineffective; drug interaction; fall; hypoacusis; movement disorder; nocturia; vision blurred | calcium; vitamin D 400 I.U.; mirabegron | |
| Male; 58 years | USA | 2014 | Thrombosis; respiratory tract congestion; liver function test abnormal; fatigue; dyspnoea | – | |
| Not specified | USA | 2014 | Diarrhoea; abdominal pain upper | – | |
| Female; 57 years | USA | 2015 | Rash pruritic; rash erythematous | – | |
| Female; 64 years | USA | 2015 | Low density lipoprotein increased; high density lipoprotein increased | – | |
| Multiple reports | UK | 2003−2018 | Thrombocytopenia; nausea; diarrhoea; arthralgia; pain in extremity; rash | – | |
| Multiple reports | Europe | 2019 | Abnormal clotting factors, trombocytopenia, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal stiffness, myalgia, blood arsenic increased, blood and urine mercury abnormal | – | |
| Vitamin D | Female; 57 years | USA | 2014 | Palpitations; hypotension; heart rate increased; headache | – |
| Female; 53 years | USA | 2014 | Nephrolithiasis | calcium carbonate | |
| 2 months | USA | 2015 | Vitamin D increased; failure to thrive; blood calcium increased | – | |
| Female; 78 years | Canada | 2010 | Angioedema; lip blister; lip swelling; oral candidiasis; pharyngeal oedema; rash generalized | atenolol; prednisone; ranitidine | |
| Female | Canada | 2016 | Transient ischaemic attack | calcium; ibuprofen | |
| Male; 4 years | Canada | 2017 | Creatinine urine increased; nephrolithiasis; red blood cells urine positive | – | |
| Multiple reports | UK | 2000−2018 | Nausea; vomiting; diarrhoea; abdominal pain upper; hypercalcemia; dehydration; myalgia; pruritus | – | |
| Male; 79 years | New Zeeland | 2004 | Oedema peripheral | colecalciferol oral (suspect); prednisone oral (concomitant) | |
| Female; 64 years | New Zeeland | 2014 | Angina pectoris; arthralgia; chest pain; dysgeusia; headache | alendronic acid; colecalciferol oral (suspect) | |
| Multiple reports | Europe | 2019 | Gastrointestinal disorders; osteomalacia | – | |
| Resveratrol | Not specified | USA | 2016 | Transient ischaemic attack; blood pressure increased | – |
| Not specified | USA | 2016 | Atrial fibrillation | – | |
| Not specified | USA | 2017 | Sensation of pressure; paraesthesia; heart rate decreased; blood pressure increased | Omega Q | |
| Not specified | USA | 2018 | Palpitations; heart rate irregular; heart rate increased; atrial fibrillation | – | |
| Curcumin | Male 66 years | Canada | 2014 | Urine arsenic increased | – |
| Multiple reports | UK | 2015−2019 | Gastrointestinal disorders, headaches | – | |
| Female, 75 years | USA | 2014 | Vomiting, pain, nausea, headache, dizziness, deafness | – | |
| Not specified | USA | 2015 | Sinus congestion, nausea, headache | – | |
| Female, 57 years | USA | 2015 | Vomiting, ultrasound kidney abnormal, renal failure, nausea, hypophosphataemia, hypokalaemia, haematocrit decreased, blood creatinine increased. | – | |
| N-acetyl cysteine | Female; 70 years | USA | 2016 | Speech disorder; migraine without aura; headache; convulsion; confusional state; blood pressure increased; aphasia; amnesia | – |
| Male; 80 years | Canada | 2002 | Asthenia; chills; diarrhoea; dizziness; hypotension; myocardial infarction; nausea; rash; renal failure; serum sickness; skin exfoliation; vomiting | – | |
| Female; 16 years | New Zealand | 2016 | Angioedema; bronchospasm; rash; vomiting | acetylcysteine injection (suspect); paracetamol oral (concomitant) | |
| Multiple reports | Europe | 2019 | Gastrointestinal disorders, chest pain, asthma, respiration abnormal | – | |
| CoQ10 | Male; 70 years | Canada | 2005 | Drug interaction; prothrombin level increased | fluticasone; atorvastatin; warfarin |
| Male; 80 years | USA | 2014 | Pruritus; paraesthesia; hypertension; feeling hot; burning sensation | – | |
| Female; 58 years | USA | 2015 | Flatulence; diarrhoea; abdominal distension | – | |
| Female; 64 years | USA | 2015 | Pain; myopathy; muscular weakness; hepatic enzyme increased; gait disturbance; fatigue; dysstasia; cataract; asthenia; arthralgia | red yeast rice | |
| Male; 72 years | USA | 2015 | Palpitations; blood pressure systolic increased | – | |
| Melatonin | Female; 74 years | USA | 2014 | Insomnia; heart rate increased; dyspnoea; blood pressure increased | – |
| Female; 64 years | USA | 2014 | Wheezing; hypertension; dyspnoea; cough; chest discomfort | – | |
| Male; 61 years | USA | 2005 | Blood glucose increased | – | |
| Female; 59 years | USA | 2008 | Thrombocytopenia; platelet count decreased; hypersensitivity; ecchymosis; contusion | – | |
| Multiple reports | UK | 2014−2018 | Thrombocytopenia; tachycardia; muscle twitching; nausea | – | |
| Female; 69 years | Canada | 2012 | Muscle twitching | – | |
| Female; 63 years | Canada | 2012 | Blood pressure increased; confusional state; dizziness; dyskinesia; dysphagia; dyspnoea; heart rate increased; nausea; pain in jaw; palpitations; tremor | – | |
| Female; 18 years | Canada | 2014 | Headache; nervous system disorder; palpitations; tachycardia; vomiting | – | |
| Multiple reports | Europe | 2019 | Gastrointestinal disorders, agitation, confusional state, amnesia, insomnia, panic disorder | – |
New Zealand: https://medsafe.govt.nz/Projects/B1/ADRSearch.asp.