Table 1.
Demographics, AIDS clinical characteristics and treatment in HIV+ participants as a whole, categorized by HIV-1 subtypes B and C participants, and CSF WBC > 5cell/mm3 and on normal range
| HIV + (n= 68) | HIV1-B (n=27) | HIV1-C (n=26) | p | WBC> 5cell/mm3 (n=20) | WBC≤ 5cell/mm3 (n=48) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age, years | 43 (35; 48) | 44(36.5; 50) | 43 (34.5; 47.5) | 0.450 | 42 (34; 46) | 43.5(35; 49) | 0.310 |
| Education, years | 8 (5; 11) | 8(5; 12) | 7 (5; 11.5) | 0.550 | 9.5 (6; 13) | 7 (5; 11) | 0.140 |
| Sex - male, n (%) | 33 (49.0%) | 14 (51.9%) | 11 (42.3%) | 0.590 | 12(60.0%) | 21(44.0%) | 0.290 |
| Disease and Treatment | |||||||
| Duration of infection (mths) | 89 (31; 135) | 91.03 (61.63; 144) | 81.37(27.82; 132) | 0.450 | 51 (15; 131) | 93(46; 136) | 0.172 |
| AIDS | 55 (80.9%) | 22 (81.5%) | 19 (73.1%) | 0.526 | 13(65.0%) | 42 (87.5%) | 0.045 |
| GDS | 0.65(0.30;105) | 0.95 (0.275; 1.725) | 0.50 (0.225; 0.875) | 0.126 | 0.58(0.25;0.97) | 0.72(0.3;1.10) | 0.567 |
| B/C, n | 27/26 | 27 | 26 | - | 6/8 | 21/18 | 0.544 |
| Current CD4 cells/mm3 | 369 (201; 534) | 457 (255; 614) | 359.5(176.5; 472.5) | 0.200 | 360 (241; 543) | 369 (193; 527) | 0.540 |
| Nadir CD4 cells/mm3 | 90 (33; 266) | 82 (26; 253.5) | 159 (16.5; 359.5) | 0.290 | 107 (11; 368) | 85 (43; 240) | 0.620 |
| CART, n(%) | 55 (80.9%) | 24 (88.9%) | 18 (69.2%) | 0.099 | 12 (60.0%) | 43 (89.6%) | 0.014 |
| CPE | 8 (6; 9) | 8 (6; 9) | 6 (5.5; 9) | 0.339 | 8.0 (6.5; 9.5) | 8.0 (5.5; 9.0) | 0.279 |
| Adherence, n(%) | 51/54 (94.4%) | 21/23(91.3%) | 18/18(100%) | 0.495 | 11/12 (91.7%) | 40/42 (95.2%) | 1.00 |
| Plasma HIV RNA (Log10) | 1.7 (1.7; 3.5) | 1.7(1.7; 1.97) | 2.8 (1.7; 3.8) | 0.012 | 3.14 (1.7; 4.1) | 1.7 (1.7; 2.3) | 0.006 |
| Plasma HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL | 38 (55.9%) | 20 (74.1%) | 9 (34.6%) | 0.006 | 6 (30.0%) | 32 (66.7%) | 0.008 |
| CSF | |||||||
| HIV RNA (Log10) | 1.7 (1.7; 2.8) | 1.7 (1.7; 2.2) | 2.2 (1.7; 2.9) | 0.084 | 2.96 (2.3; 3.6) | 1.7 (1.7; 1.9) | <0.0001 |
| HIV RNA <50 copies/mL, n(%) | 35 (51.5%) | 16 (59.3%) | 10 (38.5%) | 0.173 | 4 (20.0%) | 31(64.5%) | 0.0012 |
| HIV RNA CSF >plasma, n(%) [1] | 12 (17.7%) | 5 (18.5%) | 5 (19.2%) | 1.00 | 8 (40.0%) | 4 (8.3%) | 0.004 |
| CSF escape [2] | 7 (10.3%) | 5(14.8%) | 1(3.9%) | 0.351 | 3(15.0%) | 4 (8.3%) | 0.411 |
| Discordance [3] | 5(7.4%) | 2(7.4%) | 3(11.5%) | 0.670 | 5(25.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | - |
| WBC cells/mm3 | 2.1 (0.6; 7.2) | 1.6 (0.30; 4.85) | 2.65 (0.60; 11) | 0.160 | 13 (9.5;31.5) | 0.9 (0.5;2.4) | <0.0001 |
| Glucose mg/dL | 57 (53; 62) | 63 (54; 66) | 56(51.5; 59) | 0.007 | 59 (48; 61) | 56 (54; 63) | 0.396 |
| Total protein mg/dL | 40 (32; 46) | 42(35; 47.5) | 40(28.5;47) | 0.551 | 42.5 (35.5; 56.5) | 36.5 (28.5; 45.5) | 0.011 |
| Total protein >45 mg/dL, n(%) | 20 (29.4%) | 10 (37.0%) | 8 (30.8%) | 0.773 | 8 (40.0%) | 12 (25.0%) | 0.251 |
| Albumin mg/L | 223.5 (164; 288.5) | 248.0(189; 309) | 218(138.5; 300) | 0.328 | 226.5 (188.5; 360) | 222.5 (145.5; 284.5) | 0.104 |
| Q. Albumin | 0.0064 (0.0049; 0.0097) | 0.0082(0.0061; 0.0108) | 0.0060(0.0044; 0.0097) | 0.52 [4] | 0.0079 (0.0063; 0.0116) | 0.0061 (0.0045; 0.0092) | 0.014 |
| Lactic acid mmol/L | 1.6 (1.5; 1.8) | 1.65(1.35; 1.9) | 1.7(1.6; 1.8) | 0.640 | 1.7 (1.5; 1.9) | 1.6 (1.5; 1.8) | 0.580 |
| RBC cells/mm3 | 0.5 (0; 7.5) | 1.0(0; 24) | 0.8(0; 36.5) | 0.900 | 1.3 (0.2; 6.8) | 0.3 (0; 8.0) | 0.387 |
Data are median (IQR) or number of cases (%).
[1]
any value of CSF or blood HIV RNA.
[2]
CSF escape is defined as any HIV RNA levels in the CSF above the limit of detection of the assay used (usually 50 copies/mL) when the plasma HIV RNA levels is undetectable by the same assay.
[3]
CSF discordance is defined as CSF viral load (VL) greater than 1log10 of the plasma HIV RNA levels (independent of the number).
[4]
adjusted for plasma HIV VL suppression, nadir CD4.
CART, combination antiretroviral therapy
CNS Penetration-Effectiveness (CPE) rank (Letendre et al. 2010)