Table 2.
Intervention effects
| Outcomes | Adjusted for potential covariates | Not adjusted basic model | Interaction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated effect (95% CI) | d | p value | Estimated effect (95% CI) | d | p value | p value | |
| Total scale scores | |||||||
| PSS | − 3.3 (− 6.1 to − 0.5) | − 0.53 | 0.020 | − 3.3 (− 5.6 to − 0.9) | − 0.53 | 0.006 | 0.706 |
| SCL-90-R | − 14.7 (− 30.8 to 1.4) | − 0.26 | 0.072 | − 13.6 (− 28.7 to 1.4) | − 0.24 | 0.070 | 0.363 |
| RSES | 0.8 (− 1.3 to 2.9) | 0.16 | 0.440 | 0.5 (− 1.4 to 2.3) | 0.09 | 0.608 | 0.587 |
| SRS-A | − 1.3 (− 7.9 to 5.3) | − 0.05 | 0.690 | − 0.2 (− 6.5 to 6.1) | − 0.01 | 0.958 | 0.208 |
| SRS-A (I) | − 11.9 (− 20.3 to − 3.5) | − 0.46 | 0.010 | − 9.6 (− 17.5 to − 1.8) | − 0.37 | 0.020 | 0.380 |
| Subscales of SCL-90-R | |||||||
| Anxiety | − 1.7 (− 4.5 to 1.0) | − 0.20 | 0.210 | − 1.2 (− 3.7 to 1.2) | − 0.15 | 0.318 | 0.752 |
| Agoraphobia | − 1.9 (− 3.4 to − 0.36) | − 0.31 | 0.016 | − 1.4 (− 2.8 to 0.0) | − 0.23 | 0.056 | 0.635 |
| Depression | − 4.1 (− 8.3 to 0.1) | − 0.33 | 0.055 | − 4.0 (− 7.8 to − 0.2) | − 0.32 | 0.042 | 0.807 |
| Somatization | − 1.3 (− 3.8 to 1.2) | − 0.15 | 0.314 | − 1.3 (− 3.6 to 1.0) | − 0.15 | 0.260 | 0.816 |
| Cognitive-performance deficits | − 0.4 (− 3.0 to 2.1) | − 0.06 | 0.740 | − 0.8 (− 3.1 to 1.6) | − 0.10 | 0.520 | 0.215 |
| Interpersonal sensitivity and mistrust | − 2.6 (− 6.5 to 1.4) | − 0.19 | 0.196 | − 2.3 (− 6.0 to 1.4) | − 0.17 | 0.219 | 0.142 |
| Hostility | − 0.7 (− 2.0 to 0.6) | − 0.20 | 0.269 | − 0.9 (− 2.1 to 0.3) | − 0.24 | 0.134 | 0.263 |
| Sleep difficulties | − 0.8 (− 2.0 to 0.4) | − 0.25 | 0.183 | − 0.7 (− 1.8 to 0.4) | − 0.22 | 0.195 | 0.912 |
| Subscales of SRS-A informant | |||||||
| Social awareness | − 3.4 (− 6.2 to − 0.6) | − 0.42 | 0.019 | − 3.2 (− 5.7 to − 0.6) | − 0.39 | 0.017 | 0.908 |
| Social communication | − 5.5 (− 9.1 to − 1.9) | − 0.52 | 0.003 | − 4.4 (− 7.7 to − 1.0) | − 0.41 | 0.011 | 0.298 |
| Social Motivation | − 1.6 (− 3.5 to 0.4) | − 0.28 | 0.112 | − 0.9 (− 2.7 to 0.9) | − 0.15 | 0.342 | 0.114 |
| Restricted interests and repetitive behavior | − 1.4 (− 3.3 to 0.5) | − 0.23 | 0.141 | − 1.0 (− 2.7 to 0.7) | − 0.16 | 0.263 | 0.600 |
The adjusted model shows the estimates for a model corrected, as pre-planned, for potential covariates age (years), gender (male versus female), having a dog at home at T0 (yes/no) and WAIS total IQ, while the basic model shows the estimates for a model without potential covariates. Interaction: models with an interaction term for the time points and the condition were compared to models without this interaction term and p values for likelihood ratio tests for the model fit comparisons are shown
PSS Perceived Stress Scale, SCL-90-R symptom checklist, RSES Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, SRS-A Social Responsiveness Scale for adults, SRS-A (I) informant version of the Social Responsiveness Scale for adults