Table 1.
Baseline patient demographic and clinical characteristics
| Characteristic | Overall (N = 7170) | SU (N = 3521) | DPP4i (N = 2981) | TZD (N = 178) | SGLT2i (N = 490) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | |||||
| At T2DM diagnosis | 56.09 (10.91) | 56.79 (11.23) | 56.01 (10.54) | 54.87 (12.10) | 52.04 (9.33) |
| At second-line therapy initiation | 60.57 (11.53) | 61.19 (11.83) | 60.61 (11.19) | 59.44 (12.86) | 56.25 (9.80) |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 4280 (59.69%) | 2100 (59.64%) | 1789 (60.01%) | 116 (65.17%) | 275 (56.12%) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| White | 1137 (15.86%) | 597 (16.96%) | 447 (14.99%) | 38 (21.35%) | 55 (11.22%) |
| Other | 91 (1.27%) | 50 (1.42%) | 35 (1.17%) | < 5* | < 5* |
| Not recorded | 5942 (82.87%) | 2874 (81.62%) | 2499 (83.83%) | 137 (76.97%) | 432 (88.16%) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||||
| Current smoker | 1095 (15.27%) | 559 (15.88%) | 425 (14.26%) | 34 (19.10%) | 77 (15.71%) |
| Former smoker | 2562 (35.73%) | 1266 (35.96%) | 1073 (35.99%) | 53 (29.78%) | 170 (34.69%) |
| Passive smoker | 14 (0.20%) | < 5* | 10 (0.34%) | 0 (0.00%) | < 5* |
| Non-smoker | 3453 (48.16%) | 1669 (47.40%) | 1456 (48.84%) | 90 (50.56%) | 238 (48.57%) |
| Not recorded | 46 (0.64%) | 25 (0.71%) | 17 (0.57%) | < 5* | < 5* |
| Duration of T2DM in years, mean (SD) | |||||
| At second-line therapy initiation | 4.47 (2.98) | 4.41 (2.98) | 4.59 (2.96) | 4.57 (3.18) | 4.21 (3.01) |
| Clinical measurements (latest value ≤ 6 months prior to second-line initiation) | |||||
| Height (m) | |||||
| n (%) | 1708 (23.82%) | 852 (24.20%) | 733 (24.59%) | 34 (19.10%) | 89 (18.16%) |
| Mean (SD) | 1.69 (0.10) | 1.69 (0.10) | 1.69 (0.10) | 1.70 (0.10) | 1.71 (0.10) |
| Weight (kg) | |||||
| n (%) | 5927 (82.66%) | 2858 (81.17%) | 2504 (84.00%) | 142 (79.78%) | 423 (86.33%) |
| Mean (SD) | 95.55 (20.68) | 92.65 (19.86) | 96.91 (20.75) | 92.25 (20.29) | 108.16 (20.37) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| n (%) | 5893 (82.19%) | 2840 (80.66%) | 2489 (83.50%) | 142 (79.78%) | 422 (86.12%) |
| Mean (SD) | 33.10 (6.33) | 32.19 (6.10) | 33.50 (6.27) | 32.08 (5.92) | 37.14 (6.47) |
| HbA1c [%] | |||||
| n (%) | 7170 (100.00%) | 3521 (100.00%) | 2981 (100.00%) | 178 (100.00%) | 490 (100.00%) |
| Mean (SD) | 8.34 (0.78) | 8.40 (0.78) | 8.26 (0.76) | 8.37 (0.81) | 8.38 (0.80) |
| DBP (mmHg) | |||||
| n (%) | 6513 (90.84%) | 3163 (89.83%) | 2747 (92.15%) | 158 (88.76%) | 445 (90.82%) |
| Mean (SD) | 78.21 (8.94) | 78.12 (9.08) | 78.12 (8.80) | 77.23 (9.00) | 79.80 (8.67) |
| SBP (mmHg) | |||||
| n (%) | 6513 (90.84%) | 3163 (89.83%) | 2747 (92.15%) | 158 (88.76%) | 445 (90.82%) |
| Mean (SD) | 134.18 (13.97) | 134.25 (13.92) | 134.02 (14.18) | 131.87 (11.45) | 135.51 (13.79) |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | |||||
| n (%) | 2580 (35.98%) | 1174 (33.34%) | 1192 (39.99%) | 54 (30.34%) | 160 (32.65%) |
| Mean (SD) | 71.77 (14.83) | 71.28 (15.09) | 71.46 (14.62) | 71.63 (14.66) | 77.77 (13.13) |
| TC (mmol/l) | |||||
| n (%) | 6131 (85.51%) | 2990 (84.92%) | 2569 (86.18%) | 154 (86.52%) | 418 (85.31%) |
| Mean (SD) | 4.29 (0.98) | 4.31 (1.00) | 4.26 (0.95) | 4.32 (0.96) | 4.38 (1.02) |
| HDL (mmol/l) | |||||
| n (%) | 5642 (78.69%) | 2696 (76.57%) | 2397 (80.41%) | 143 (80.34%) | 406 (82.86%) |
| Mean (SD) | 1.16 (0.31) | 1.17 (0.32) | 1.16 (0.30) | 1.11 (0.30) | 1.14 (0.27) |
| LDL (mmol/l) | |||||
| n (%) | 4526 (63.12%) | 2102 (59.70%) | 1984 (66.55%) | 108 (60.67%) | 332 (67.76%) |
| Mean (SD) | 2.31 (0.93) | 2.28 (0.92) | 2.31 (0.91) | 2.34 (1.07) | 2.51 (0.96) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | |||||
| n (%) | 5022 (70.04%) | 2389 (67.85%) | 2173 (72.90%) | 118 (66.29%) | 342 (69.80%) |
| Mean (SD) | 2.24 (1.33) | 2.26 (1.37) | 2.19 (1.27) | 2.60 (2.01) | 2.29 (1.23) |
| Risk profile, mean (SD) | |||||
| Charlson comorbidity index score | 3.85 (2.04) | 4.01 (2.12) | 3.78 (1.98) | 3.51 (1.95) | 3.29 (1.78) |
BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, DPP4i dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, SBP systolic blood pressure, SGLT2i sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor, SU sulphonylurea, T2DM type 2 diabetes, TC total cholesterol, TZD thiazolidinedione
*Actual value suppressed because of small numbers