Table 2.
Prevalence of IR and inflammation in all participants and in those with normoglycemia and not on lipid lowering and/or hypertension medication.
| Overall | Women | Men | Gender ∗ year of study p interaction |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008/09 n (%) |
2014/16 n (%) |
p value | 2008/09 n (%) |
2014/16 n (%) |
p value | 2008/09 n (%) |
2014/16 n (%) |
p value | ||
| Insulin resistance: all participants | ||||||||||
| Fasting insulin | 196 (24.8) | 278 (16.9) | <0.001 | 174 (28.4) | 231 (18.7) | <0.001 | 22 (12.5) | 47 (11.4) | 0.706 | 0.939 |
| HOMA-IR | 196 (24.8) | 253 (15.4) | <0.001 | 170 (27.7) | 205 (16.6) | <0.001 | 26 (14.8) | 48 (11.7) | 0.296 | 0.375 |
| QUICKI | 186 (23.6) | 218 (13.3) | <0.001 | 158 (25.8) | 176 (14.3) | <0.001 | 28 (15.9) | 42 (10.2) | 0.050 | 0.550 |
| McAuley index | 201 (25.5) | 348 (21.3) | 0.021 | 167 (27.2) | 275 (22.4) | 0.023 | 34 (19.5) | 73 (18.0) | 0.667 | 0.369 |
| Matsuda index | 200 (25.5) | 299 (18.8) | <0.001 | 174 (28.6) | 255 (21.5) | 0.001 | 26 (14.8) | 44 (10.9) | 0.194 | 0.119 |
| Insulin resistance: normoglycemia and not on lipid lowering and/or hypertension medication | ||||||||||
| Fasting insulin | 247 (31.3) | 413 (25.1) | 0.001 | 211 (34.4) | 343 (27.8) | 0.004 | 36 (20.5) | 70 (17.0) | 0.317 | 0.765 |
| HOMA-IR | 288 (36.5) | 451 (27.4) | <0.001 | 248 (40.5) | 377 (30.6) | <0.001 | 40 (22.7) | 74 (18.0) | 0.181 | 0.455 |
| QUICKI | 323 (40.9) | 504 (30.6) | <0.001 | 274 (44.7) | 422 (34.2) | <0.001 | 49 (27.8) | 82 (19.9) | 0.034 | 0.548 |
| McAuley index | 281 (35.7) | 535 (32.8) | 0.157 | 233 (38.0) | 430 (35.1) | 0.216 | 48 (27.6) | 105 (25.9) | 0.678 | 0.236 |
| Matsuda index | 310 (39.5) | 542 (34.1) | 0.009 | 263 (43.3) | 469 (39.5) | 0.123 | 47 (26.7) | 73 (18.2) | 0.020 | 0.170 |
| Sub-clinical inflammation: all participants | ||||||||||
| usCRP | 436 (54.7) | 967 (57.1) | 0.264 | 351 (56.6) | 772 (60.8) | 0.079 | 85 (48.02) | 195 (45.9) | 0.631 | 0.092 |
| Gamma GT | 235 (29.6) | 567 (33.4) | 0.055 | 162 (26.2) | 408 (32.1) | 0.009 | 73 (42.2) | 159 (37.3) | 0.368 | 0.158 |
| Sub-clinical inflammation: normoglycemia and not on lipid lowering and/or hypertension medication | ||||||||||
| usCRP | 160 (46.2) | 480 (49.5) | 0.3 | 124 (47.9) | 356 (53.1) | 0.157 | 36 (41.4) | 124 (41.5) | 0.625 | 0.217 |
| Gamma GT | 83 (24.1) | 276 (28.4) | 0.12 | 50 (19.4) | 176 (26.2) | 0.03 | 33 (37.9) | 100 (33.3) | 0.372 | 0.166 |
∗Interaction between men and women; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; usCRP: ultrasensitive C-reactive protein; gamma GT: gamma-glutamyl transferase.