Table 1.
ANOVA Results for Social Interaction, Elevated Plus Maze, and Behavioral Flexibility Measures.
| Test/Behavioral Measure | Factors | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI test: Social Investigation | Exposure | F(1,28) =5.06 p =0.03* | F(1,29) = 0.01 p = 0.93 |
| Timing | F(1,28) = 2.08 p = 0.16 | F(1,29) = 0.03 p = 0.87 | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,28) = 1.74 p = 0.19 | F(1,29) = 1.56 p = 0.22 | |
| SI test: Preference/Avoidance | Exposure | F(1,29) = 3.63 p = 0.07 | F(1,30) = 0.38 p = 0.54 |
| Timing | F(1,29) = 1.38 p = 0.25 | F(1,30) = 0.07 p = 0.79 | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,29) = 0.61 p = 0.44 | F(1,30) = 0.27 p = 0.61 | |
| SI test: Chamber Crosses | Exposure | F(1,29) = 0.32 p = 0.57 | F(1,29) = 0.07 p = 0.80 |
| Timing | F(1,29) = 4.15 p = 0.051 | F(1,29) = 0.05 p = 0.83 | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,29) = 0.07 p = 0.80 | F(1,29) = 0.00 p = 0.99 | |
| EPM: % Open Arm Time | Exposure | F(1,30) = 7.08 p <0.01* | F(1,32) = 3.05 p = 0.09 |
| Timing | F(1,30) = 0.15 p = 0.70 | F(1,32) = 0.33 p = 0.57 | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,30) = 0.03 p = 0.87 | F(1,32) = 0.89 p = 0.35 | |
| EPM: % Open Arm Entries | Exposure | F(1,30) = 10.36 p < 0.01* | F(1,32) = 2.01 p = 0.17 |
| Timing | F(1,30) = 0.13 p = 0.73 | F(1,32) = 0.47 p = 0.50 | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,30) = 0.16 p = 0.69 | F(1,32) = 1.49 p = 0.23 | |
| EPM: Closed Arm Entries | Exposure | F(1,30) = 0.01 p = 0.98 | F(1,32) = 0.00 p = 0.96 |
| Timing | F(1,30) = 0.10 p = 0.64 | F(1,32) = 0.00 p = 0.96 | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,30) = 0.22 p = 0.76 | F(1,32) = 0.11 p = 0.75 | |
| BF: Cue Acquisition | Exposure | F(1,40) = 0.91 p = 0.35 | F(1,40) = 3.82 p = 0.06 |
| Timing | F(1,40) = 2.95 p = 0.09 | F(1,40) = 0.36 p = 0.55 | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,40) = 0.00 p = 0.99 | F(1,40) = 0.20 p = 0.66 | |
| BF: Set Shift | Exposure | F(1,40) = 0.58 p = 0.45 | F(1,40) = 1.26 p = 0.27 |
| Timing | F(1,40) = 0.02 p = 0.90 | F(1,40) = 2.00 p = 0.17 | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,40) = 2.34 p = 0.13 | F(1,40) = 1.35 p = 0.25 | |
| BF: Total Errors | Exposure | F(1,40) = 1.85 p = 0.18 | F(1,40) = 0.84 p = 0.37 |
| Timing | F(1,40) = 0.00 p = 0.96 | F(1,40) = 1.21 p = 0.28 | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,40) = 0.24 p = 0.63 | F(1,40) = 0.65 p = 0.42 | |
| BF: Perseverative Errors | Exposure | F(1,40) = 0.77 p = 0.39 | F(1,40) = 2.79 p = 0.10 |
| Timing | F(1,40) = 0.43 p = 0.52 | F(1,40) = 1.93 p = 0.17 | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,40) = 0.02 p = 0.87 | F(1,40) = 0.00 p = 0.96 | |
| BF: Regressive Errors | Exposure | F(1,40) = 6.66 p < 0.05* | F(1,40) = 0.35 p = 0.56 |
| Timing | F(1,40) = 1.37 p = 0.25 | F(1,40) = 4.73 p < 0.05^ | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,40) = 0.30 p = 0.61 | F(1,40) = 0.59 p = 0.45 | |
| BF: Never Reinforced Errors | Exposure | F(1,40) = 1.70 p = 0.20 | F(1,40) = 0.00 p = 0.98 |
| Timing | F(1,40) = 0.04 p = 0.84 | F(1,40) = 8.13 p < 0.01^ | |
| Exposure × Timing | F(1,40) = 0.50 p = 0.48 | F(1,40) = 0.82 p = 0.37 |
Note: bold textdenotes a significant main (p ≤ 0.05) effect of Exposure (*) or Timing (^).