Table 1.
Changes of echocardiographic parameters during hospitalization in patients with acute heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
| HFPEF | HFREF | Difference in percent change between groups | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Admission | Discharge | P | n | Admission | Discharge | P | P | |
| Cardiac geometry | |||||||||
| LVEDD (mm) | 16 | 51 [45–55] | 49 [42–55] | 0.98 | 14 | 68 [61–72] | 66 [61–71] | 0.21 | 0.51 |
| LVESD (mm) | 16 | 33 [27–42] | 31 [29–40] | 0.95 | 14 | 56 [48–61] | 55 [44–59] | 0.16 | 0.18 |
| LVEDV (mL) | 14 | 88 [68–103] | 93 [68–103] | 0.36 | 15 | 138 [131–173] | 171 [147–183] | 0.51 | 0.97 |
| LVESV (mL) | 13 | 42 [36–60] | 43 [31–51] | 0.07 | 13 | 108 [78–126] | 124 [75–147] | 0.62 | 0.14 |
| Left atrial area (cm2) | 23 | 22 [18–26] | 23 [19–27] | 0.73 | 15 | 27 [25–34] | 29 [24–34] | 0.98 | 0.78 |
| Right atrial area (cm2) | 8 | 17 [12–20] | 17 [16–18] | 0.48 | 11 | 18 [17–23] | 22 [17–27] | 0.48 | 0.74 |
| Cardiac function | |||||||||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 22 | 80 [72–98] | 74 [67–81] | 0.04 | 16 | 96 [88–110] | 75 [62–95] | 0.01 | 0.28 |
| LVEF (%) | 23 | 48 [40–60] | 54 [48–61] | 0.17 | 18 | 30 [25–36] | 29 [23–32] | 0.24 | 0.06 |
| Stroke volume (mL) | 14 | 34 [29–49] | 48 [37–66] | 0.10 | 13 | 52 [36–61] | 45 [35–58] | 0.75 | 0.24 |
| Cardiac index (mL/min/m2) | 10 | 1.6 [1.4–2.2] | 2.1 [1.5–2.4] | 0.80 | 9 | 2.5 [2.1–3.3] | 1.9 [1.4–2.4] | 0.21 | 0.14 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 11 | 17 [13–20] | 17 [16–19] | 0.34 | 10 | 16 [15–18] | 19 [18–25] | 0.06 | 0.67 |
| E wave (cm/s) | 24 | 98 [80–117] | 83 [69–114] | 0.08 | 18 | 91 [70–131] | 89 [74–111] | 0.83 | 0.20 |
| E wave deceleration time (ms) | 22 | 145 [107–184] | 177 [133–226] | 0.09 | 19 | 121 [102–139] | 159 [127–179] | 0.008 | 0.77 |
| A wave (cm/s) | 13 | 91 [57–103] | 81 [68–110] | 0.53 | 11 | 31 [25–62] | 46 [32–67] | 0.35 | 0.19 |
| E/A | 12 | 1.03 [0.67–1.96] | 1.25 [0.82–1.50] | 0.64 | 10 | 2.15 [1.50–2.81] | 2.17 [1.26–2.69] | 0.33 | 0.26 |
| Medial e' | 22 | 4 [4–7] | 6 [4–7] | 0.09 | 12 | 4 [3–4] | 5 [4–6] | 0.007 | 0.22 |
| Lateral e' | 22 | 7 [5–8] | 7 [5–8] | 0.25 | 17 | 7 [5–8] | 8 [5–11] | 0.53 | 0.66 |
| Medial E/e' | 25 | 21.3 [16.0–30.5] | 14.3 [11.5–24.3] | 0.007 | 17 | 21.0 [14.0–25.5] | 19.2 [12.0–22.0] | 0.20 | 0.29 |
| Lateral E/e' | 26 | 15.0 [11.4–19.8] | 14.0 [9.4–17.4] | 0.85 | 22 | 13.0 [8.8–16.0] | 13.4 [8.8–19.0] | 0.71 | 0.79 |
| Mean E/e' | 23 | 19.8 [16.1–27.0] | 17.4 [11.1–20.1] | 0.08 | 16 | 18.0 [11.3–21.5] | 18.0 [10.6–23.5] | 0.44 | 0.44 |
| Parameters of venous congestion | |||||||||
| IVC rest diameter (mm) | 11 | 22 [16–24] | 13 [11–18] | 0.09 | 12 | 22 [18–25] | 14 [12–20] | 0.04 | 1.00 |
| IVC sniff diameter (mm) | 11 | 11 [9–22] | 6 [5–11] | 0.04 | 10 | 19 [10–24] | 7 [0–13] | 0.03 | 0.62 |
| Respiratory variability of IVC diameter (%) | 11 | 40 [9–44] | 40 [31–65] | 0.11 | 10 | 24 [8–43] | 50 [23–100] | 0.11 | 0.70 |
HFPEF, heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction; HFREF, heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction; IVC, inferior vena cava; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVEDV, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; LVESV, left ventricular end‐systolic volume; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
Data are presented as median [interquartile range]. Bold numbers mean statistically siginificant.