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Study subjects exhibit normal melatonin and cortisol patterns. Within‐day distribution of (A) melatonin (pmol/L) and (B) cortisol concentration (nmol/L) in heart failure patients (mean ± SEM). Within‐day distribution of (C) melatonin (pmol/L) and (D) cortisol concentration (nmol/L) in control subjects (mean ± SEM). Horizontal bar indicates day (white) and night (black). HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
