Table 1.
Baseline demographics: clinical data and characteristics
| Diabetes (n = 1448, 27.2%) | Non‐ diabetes (n = 3881, 72.8%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Male | 81.1% (1174/1448) | 80.9% (3139/3881) | 0.87 |
| Age (year), mean ± SD | 68.1 ± 10.0 | 64.1 ± 13.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.1 (25.3–31.2) | 26.4 (23.9–29.7) | <0.001 |
| Indication | |||
| Primary prevention | 67.7% (980/1448) | 56.3% (2185/3881) | <0.001 |
| Secondary prevention | 32.3% (468/1448) | 43.7% (1696/3381) | <0.001 |
| NYHA class | <0.001 | ||
| NYHA I | 9.9% (135/1364) | 20.1% (698/3479) | |
| NYHA II | 38.2% (521/1364) | 38.9% (1355/3479) | |
| NYHA III | 48.3% (659/1364) | 38.1% (1325/3479) | |
| NYHA IV | 3.6% (49/1364) | 2.9% (101/3479) | |
| NYHA III+ | 51.9% (708/1364) | 41.0% (1426/3479) | <0.001 |
| LV‐EF ≤ 30% | 69.4% (980/1412) | 59.3% (2197/3708) | <0.001 |
| Procedure duration, min | 60 (40; 100) | 60 (41; 105) | 0.34 |
| Comorbidities Risk factors (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 100.0% (1448/1448) | 0.0% (0/3881) | |
| Hypertension | 69.5% (1007/1448) | 46.2% (1793/3881) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 4.8% (70/1448) | 3.3% (129/3881) | 0.01 |
| CKD | 25.9% (375/1448) | 14.0% (545/3881) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Prior PCI | 37.5% (129/344) | 31.3% (275/880) | 0.037 |
| Prior CABG | 25.0% (362/1448) | 14.1% (549/3881) | <0.001 |
| Prior stroke | 5.0% (73/1448) | 3.7% (142/3881) | 0.023 |
| Prior MI | 42.6% (617/1448) | 31.9% (1237/3881) | <0.001 |
| PAD | 5.1% (74/1448) | 2.4% (94/3881) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac disease | |||
| Ischemic | 71.9% (1041/1448) | 56.5% (2191/3881) | <0.001 |
| Dilatative | 31.1% (450/1448) | 33.8% (1312/3880) | 0.059 |
| Hypertrophy | 1.5% (21/1448) | 3.9% (150/3880) | <0.001 |
| Hypertensive | 8.4% (122/1448) | 5.7% (223/3880) | <0.001 |
| Medication at discharge | |||
| Class I antiarrhythmic drugs | 0.8% (12/1444) | 0.9% (35/3866) | 0.80 |
| Class III antiarrhythmic drugs | 14.1% (204/1442) | 13.4% (512/3864) | 0.47 |
| Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs | 6.6% (95/1444) | 4.9% (180/3866) | 0.017 |
| Beta Blockers | 92.5% (1336/1444) | 88.9% (3437/3867) | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitor/Angiotensin II blocker | 90.7% (1310/1444) | 84.4% (3263/3867) | <0.001 |
| Aldosteron antagonist | 41.8% (603/1444) | 38.5% (1488/3867) | 0.03 |
| Diuretics | 83.9% (1212/1444) | 66.8%(2580/3865) | <0.001 |
| Digitalis | 22.2% (321/1444) | 15.4% (594/3866) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 63.4% (231/344) | 54.7% (478/874) | <0.001 |
| ARVC | 0.1% (2/1448) | 0.6% (22/3880) | 0.038 |
| Electrographic parameters | |||
| Sinusrhythm | 73.6% (1066/1448) | 79.6% (3083/3875) | <0.001 |
| AF | 23.3% (338/1448) | 16.9% (653/3875) | <0.001 |
| PM stimulation | 5.8% (84/1448) | 4.9% (190/3875) | 0.19 |
| LBBB | 37.0% (536/1447) | 30.3% (1172/3870) | <0.001 |
| RBBB | 6.8% (98/1447) | 6.8% (265/3870) | 0.92 |
| Median QRS‐ width (ms) | 120 (100;150) | 114 (100;150) | <0.001 |
| QRS width > 120 ms | 45.3% (653/1142) | 39.8% (1539/3862) | <0.001 |
| Procedure type | |||
| New implant | 87.5% (1264/1445) | 85.5% (3308/3870) | 0.062 |
| System revision | 12.5% (181/1445) | 14.5% (562/3870) | 0.062 |
| Procedure priority | |||
| Emergency | 9.0% (31/344) | 9.2% (81/877) | 0.90 |
| Elective | 91.0% (313/344) | 90.8% (796/877) | 0.90 |
| Device types | |||
| VVI‐ICD | 48.9% (708/1448) | 51.4% (1995/3881) | 0.1 |
| DDD‐ICD | 18.0% (260/1448) | 21.4% (831/3881) | 0.005 |
| CRT‐D | 33.1% (480/1448) | 27.2% (1055/3881) | <0.001 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; ARVC, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LV‐EF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PM, pacemaker; RBBB, right bundle branch block.
*
p‐value ≤ 0.05