Figure 1.

Markov health state transition decision tree. Simulated patients with an index acute heart failure hospital admission are either assigned to outpatient cardiology clinic follow‐up or case management. Each of the terminal red triangles is a health state in which a patient resides to each time step in a health state utilities are attached; quality‐adjusted life years and costs. Each simulation step events can occur; hospital readmission, death, or in the case of hospitalized patients discharge. These events (transitions) have a certain probability of occurring through time. NYHA, New York Heart Association functional classification.