Table 2.
Comparison of patients with and without post‐operative right ventricular dysfunction
|
No post‐operative RVD n = 28 |
Post‐operative RVD n = 14 |
P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 67 [54–70] | 64 [61–69] | 0.666 |
| Male | 20 (71) | 9 (64) | 0.729 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 [24–30] | 25 [24–27] | 0.270 |
| HTN | 21 (75) | 10 (71) | 1.000 |
| HLD | 15 (54) | 5 (36) | 0.338 |
| DM | 5 (18) | 0 (0) | 0.151 |
| CKD (GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 1 (4) | 1 (7) | 1.000 |
| Chronic anaemia a | 1 (4) | 4 (29) | 0.035 |
| Tobacco abuse | 7 (25) | 2 (14) | 0.692 |
| History of atrial fibrillation (any type) | 7 (25) | 3 (21) | 1.000 |
| NYHA | |||
| I | 8 (29) | 1 (7) | |
| II | 5 (18) | 4 (29) | |
| III | 15 (54) | 9 (64) | |
| IV | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.340 |
| EUROSCORE II (%) | 1.60 [1.08–2.26] | 1.21 [0.88–1.76] | 0.379 |
| Pre‐operative echocardiogram | |||
| 3D LAESVi (mL/m2) | 66 [53–81] | 54 [44–78] | 0.470 |
| 3D LVMi (g/m2) | 108 [84–114] | 80 [76–91] | 0.020 |
| 3D LVEDVi (mL/m2) | 97 [81–111] | 74 [67–95] | 0.075 |
| 3D LVESVi (mL/m2) | 37 [29–41] | 31 [25–33] | 0.063 |
| 3D LVEF (%) | 63 [62–65] | 63 [60–65] | 0.576 |
| 3D LVGLS (%) | −23 [−24 to −21] | −21 [−22 to −19] | 0.357 |
| 3D LVGCS (%) | −32 [−33 to −29] | −32 [−35 to −30] | 0.988 |
| RV basal diameter (mm) | 35 [33–38] | 30 [28–35] | 0.012 |
| RV length (mm) | 86 [82–94] | 84 [77–91] | 0.485 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 26 [23–30] | 26 [23–28] | 0.965 |
| RV S′ (cm/s) | 14 [13–17] | 13 [12–15] | 0.143 |
| RV 2D free wall LS (%) | −26 [−29 to −20] | −31 [−35 to −25] | 0.031 |
| Fractional area change (%) | 38 [34–43] | 44 [38–49] | 0.143 |
| 3D RVEDVi (mL/m2) | 73 [62–88] | 60 [54–70] | 0.071 |
| 3D RVESVi (mL/m2) | 35 [29–47] | 29 [24–33] | 0.023 |
| 3D RVEF (%) | 52 [49–55] | 53 [52–55] | 0.189 |
| LEF (%) | 26 [21–30] | 31 [27–34] | 0.006 |
| REF (%) | 18 [12–24] | 15 [12–20] | 0.416 |
| LEFi | 0.49 [0.46–0.55] | 0.57 [0.53–0.63] | 0.011 |
| REFi | 0.35 [0.22–0.43] | 0.29 [0.24–0.37] | 0.141 |
| 3D RVGLS (%) | −27 [−32 to −21] | −35 [−39 to −29] | 0.007 |
| 3D RVGCS (%) | −25 [−29 to −21] | −21 [−25 to −19] | 0.531 |
| Intraoperative parameters | |||
| Type of surgery | |||
| Annuloplasty or valvuloplasty | 9 (32) | 7 (50) | |
| Biological valve implantation | 7 (25) | 2 (14) | |
| Mechanical valve implantation | 12 (43) | 5 (36) | 0.536 |
| De Vega annuloplasty | 8 (29) | 1 (7) | 0.230 |
| Cross‐clamp time (min) | 79 [69–87] | 71 [61–88] | 0.584 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) | 100 [93–112] | 98 [82–104] | 0.461 |
BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; FAC, fractional area change; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HLD, hyperlipidaemia; HTN, hypertension; LAESVi, left atrial end‐systolic volume index; LEF, longitudinal ejection fraction; LEFi, longitudinal ejection fraction index; LVEDVi, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESVi, left ventricular end‐systolic volume index; LVGCS, left ventricular global circumferential strain; LVGLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; LVMi, left ventricular mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association; REF, radial ejection fraction; REFi, radial ejection fraction index; RV, right ventricle; RVD, right ventricular dysfunction; RVEDVi, right ventricular end‐diastolic volume; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; RVESVi, right ventricular end‐systolic volume; RVGCS, right ventricular global circumferential strain; RVGLS, right ventricular global longitudinal strain; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
Statistical test: unpaired Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney U‐test.
Chronic anaemia was defined as haemoglobin concentration < 120 g/L in women or <130 g/L in men.