Table 2.
Regulation of cathepsin B in animal models of AD, TBI, and related brain disorders
| Animal Model | Species | Cathepsin B Regulation | mRNA, Protein, or Activity of Cathepsin B | Tissue | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD, 5XFAD model | mouse | ↑ | elevated gene expression in brain | brain | (44) |
| AD, APPSwe/PS1 | mouse | ↑ | increased protein | brain | (29) |
| TBI Trauma | mouse rat |
↑ | elevated mRNA, protein, and proteolytic activity | brain | (45–50) |
| Trauma SCC | rat | ↑ | increased mRNA, protein, and activity | brain | (51, 52) |
| Trauma surgery | mouse | ↑ | elevated activity in extracellular matrix | intestine trauma model | (53) |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | rat | ↑ | increased protein | brain | (54, 55) |
| Brain aneurysm | rat | ↑ | elevated mRNA and activity | cerebral aneurysm walls | (56) |
| ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) | mouse | ↑ | increased mRNA | spinal cord motoneurons | (59, 60) |
| Excitatory epilepsy | rat | ↑ | increased protein | brain and spinal cord | (62) |
| Excitatory Huntington’s disease | rat | ↑ | elevated protein | brain | (63) |
| Ischemia, acute | rat | ↑ | elevated protein and activity | brain | (64) |
| Ischemia | monkey rat |
↑ | increased protein and activity | brain | (64–67) |
| Meningitis brain infection | mouse | ↑ | increased proteolytic activity | human THP-1 cells | (68) |
| Sepsis infection | rat | ↑ | increased proteolytic activity | skeletal muscle | (69, 70) |
| Inflammation, aging | mouse | ↑ | increased mRNA and protein | brain | (71–73) |
| Inflammatory pain | mouse | ↑ | elevated protein | spinal cord | (74) |