Table 4. Conditional growth curve modela .
| Covariates | Sweden (n = 2,676) | Denmark (n = 2,533) | Germany (n = 2,539) | France (n = 2,823) | Spain (n = 2,269) | Italy (n = 2,911) | Korea (n = 7,854) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimateb (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | ||
| Intercept (initial level of latent SRH) | |||||||||||||||
| Womenc | −0.129 (0.032) | < 0.001 | 0.005 (0.034) | 0.873 | 0.047 (0.034) | 0.164 | −0.013 (0.032) | 0.679 | −0.031 (0.035) | 0.372 | −0.091 (0.032) | 0.004 | −0.137 (0.023) | < 0.001 | |
| Having a partnerd | 0.049 (0.040) | 0.217 | 0.086 (0.038) | 0.023 | 0.017 (0.040) | 0.661 | 0.010 (0.034) | 0.760 | −0.057 (0.039) | 0.139 | −0.019 (0.039) | 0.634 | −0.020 (0.022) | 0.351 | |
| Lower secondary educatione | −0.208 (0.038) | < 0.001 | −0.222 (0.049) | < 0.001 | −0.295 (0.057) | < 0.001 | −0.307 (0.043) | < 0.001 | −0.293 (0.062) | < 0.001 | −0.278 (0.056) | < 0.001 | −0.405 (0.033) | < 0.001 | |
| Upper secondary educatione | −0.196 (0.046) | < 0.001 | −0.115 (0.037) | 0.002 | −0.201 (0.036) | < 0.001 | −0.173 (0.043) | < 0.001 | −0.075 (0.080) | 0.351 | −0.154 (0.060) | 0.011 | −0.128 (0.032) | < 0.001 | |
| Workingd | 0.337 (0.043) | < 0.001 | 0.304 (0.044) | < 0.001 | 0.186 (0.044) | < 0.001 | 0.108 (0.043) | 0.012 | 0.228 (0.049) | < 0.001 | 0.080 (0.047) | 0.086 | 0.161 (0.020) | < 0.001 | |
| Routine/semi-routine jobd | −0.276 (0.064) | < 0.001 | −0.131 (0.047) | 0.005 | −0.163 (0.045) | < 0.001 | −0.150 (0.054) | 0.005 | −0.085 (0.045) | 0.058 | −0.020 (0.047) | 0.670 | −0.056 (0.022) | 0.011 | |
| Household income (log-transformed) | 0.014 (0.015) | 0.351 | 0.066 (0.024) | 0.007 | 0.039 (0.015) | 0.009 | 0.045 (0.012) | < 0.001 | −0.006 (0.008) | 0.465 | 0.023 (0.007) | 0.001 | 0.075 (0.007) | < 0.001 | |
| Slope (change of latent SRH) | |||||||||||||||
| Womenc | 0.023 (0.011) | 0.043 | 0.025 (0.012) | 0.031 | −0.008 (0.014) | 0.563 | 0.020 (0.012) | 0.089 | −0.040 (0.013) | 0.003 | −0.002 (0.012) | 0.876 | 0.008 (0.009) | 0.355 | |
| Having partnerd | −0.013 (0.014) | 0.362 | 0.022 (0.013) | 0.092 | −0.012 (0.017) | 0.455 | 0.014 (0.012) | 0.260 | 0.006 (0.015) | 0.696 | 0.014 (0.015) | 0.366 | −0.009 (0.009) | 0.295 | |
| Lower secondary educatione | −0.008 (0.013) | 0.527 | −0.008 (0.018) | 0.763 | 0.008 (0.024) | 0.730 | 0.008 (0.015) | 0.615 | −0.021 (0.024) | 0.387 | 0.027 (0.020) | 0.183 | 0.020 (0.013) | 0.129 | |
| Upper secondary educatione | 0.002 (0.015) | 0.893 | −0.011 (0.013) | 0.381 | 0.006 (0.015) | 0.680 | 0.014 (0.015) | 0.360 | −0.031 (0.031) | 0.315 | 0.017 (0.022) | 0.444 | −0.002 (0.012) | 0.867 | |
| Workingd | −0.008 (0.015) | 0.594 | −0.011 (0.015) | 0.485 | −0.001 (0.018) | 0.962 | 0.020 (0.016) | 0.204 | −0.035 (0.019) | 0.060 | 0.015 (0.017) | 0.383 | −0.018 (0.008) | 0.017 | |
| Routine/semi-routine jobd | 0.040 (0.023) | 0.082 | −0.001 (0.017) | 0.964 | −0.022 (0.019) | 0.263 | 0.014 (0.020) | 0.499 | 0.023 (0.017) | 0.182 | 0.015 (0.018) | 0.418 | 0.009 (0.009) | 0.276 | |
| Household income (log-transformed) | 0.010 (0.005) | 0.051 | −0.008 (0.009) | 0.389 | −0.001 (0.006) | 0.910 | −0.009 (0.004) | 0.048 | 0.000 (0.003) | 0.900 | −0.002 (0.003) | 0.397 | −0.014 (0.003) | < 0.001 | |
| Model fit | |||||||||||||||
| χ2 (df) | 79.827 (52) | 0.008 | 96.782 (52) | < 0.001 | 95.497 (52) | < 0.001 | 75.425 (52) | 0.019 | 103.731 (52) | < 0.001 | 108.918 (52) | < 0.001 | 202.541 (52) | < 0.001 | |
| CFI/TLI | 0.994/0.991 | 0.992/0.987 | 0.989/0.983 | 0.996/0.993 | 0.985/0.977 | 0.988/0.982 | 0.990/0.985 | ||||||||
| RMSEA | 0.014 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.013 | 0.021 | 0.019 | 0.019 | ||||||||
Age, BMI, current smoking, previous smoking, number of chronic diseases, depression, and ADLs were controlled.
SE = standard error, SRH = self-reported health, df = degrees of freedom, CFI = confirmatory fit index, TLI = Tucker-Lewis index, RMSEA = root square error of approximation, BMI = body mass index, ADL = activities of daily living.
aDependent variable: standardized self-rated health; bUnstandardized beta; cReference: men; dReference: others; eReference: tertiary education.