Table 2. Determination for variables associated with cardiac involvement.

Variables		HR	95% CI for HR	P value
Gender, women		14.060	4.271–46.259	< 0.001
Age, yr		1.020	0.974–1.076	0.348
Disease duration, mon		1.000	0.995–1.007	0.794
Traditional risk factors
	Current smoker, ref: none	0.710	0.091–5.576	0.747
	Current alcoholic, ref: none	1.040	0.273–3.943	0.956
	Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	1.000	0.961–1.030	0.788
	Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	0.990	0.943–1.039	0.681
	BMI, kg/m2, ref: normal	1.450	0.457–4.575	0.530
	Hypertension, ref: absence	1.040	0.277–3.887	0.957
	Hyperlipidemia, ref: absence	0.660	0.085–5.146	0.691
	Diabetes mellitus, ref: absence	3.160	0.827–12.047	0.093
	Renal involvement, ref: absence	1.880	0.588–5.987	0.288
	Erythrocyte sediment rate, mm/hr	0.990	0.949–1.027	0.531
	C-reactive protein, mg/dL	0.840	0.346–2.037	0.698
Disease-specific parameters
	SELENA-SLEDAI	0.990	0.869–1.123	0.856
	SDI, ref: SDI = 0	9.610	2.599–35.527	0.001
	Complement 3, mg/mL	0.990	0.966–1.023	0.698
	Complement 4, mg/mL	1.010	0.949–1.076	0.741
	Anti-Sm antibody, ref: negative	3.170	1.016–9.910	0.047
	Anti-dsDNA antibody, ref: negative	1.960	0.589–6.509	0.273
	Anti-Ro antibody, ref: negative	0.250	0.067–0.921	0.037
	Anti-La antibody, ref: negative	0.030	0.000–10.841	0.249
	Anti-RNP antibody, ref: negative	1.310	0.416–4.102	0.646
	Lupus anticoagulant, ref: negative	0.680	0.086–5.331	0.712

BMI = body mass index, SELENA-SLEDAI = safety of estrogen in lupus erythematosus national assessment-systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index, SDI = Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index, HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval.