Table 1.
Patient characteristics (n = 58 patients)
| N | % | |
|---|---|---|
| Female | 36 | 62.1 |
| Male | 22 | 37.9 |
| Diagnosis | ||
| Bipolar I | 36 | 62.1 |
| Bipolar II | 22 | 37.9 |
| Medicationa | ||
| Mood stabilizersb | 47 | |
| Lithium | 33 | |
| Valproic acid | 9 | |
| Carbamazepine | 1 | |
| Lamotrigine | 4 | |
| Antipsychotics | 33 | |
| Anti-depressantc | 29 | |
| Sedativesd | 25 | |
| None | 3 | |
| Severity depressione | ||
| Mild | 19 | 28.4 |
| Moderate | 26 | 38.8 |
| Severe | 19 | 28.4 |
| Very severe | 3 | 4.5 |
| Age | M: 47.6; SD: 14.05; Range: 20–78 | |
a Note that no percentages were given because patients could use more than one medication
b Lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine
c Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA), tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
d Sedatives: benzodiazepines, melatonin, Z-drugs, Levomepromazine
e According to the QIDS cut off points (Rush et al. 2003)