Table I. Proteins present in only mutant Tau exosomes.
| Gene name | Protein description | Functions in AD, brain disorders, neurobiology |
|---|---|---|
| MAPT* | mutant Tau-RD-LM | · tauopathies and neurodegeneration (1–17) |
| ACTR3 | actin-related protein 3 | · ATP binding for actin polymerization (55) |
| ANP32A | acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A | · inhibitor of PP2A phosphatase to dephosphorylate p-Tau (45, 56, 57) |
| · mediates memory loss and synaptic dysfunction in Tau mice (46) | ||
| · up-regulated in AD (45) | ||
| AP2A1 | AP-2 complex subunit α-1 | · interacting partner of ADAM10, α-secretase, for membrane trafficking (47) |
| ATP6V1A | V-type proton ATPase | · lysosomal acidification (49) |
| catalytic subunit A | · autophagy (50) | |
| · AD and neurodegenerative diseases (50) | ||
| · epilepsy (52) | ||
| CHID1 | chitinase domain-containing protein 1 | · inflammation (58) |
| FTL | ferritin light chain | · interacts with PEN-2, subunit of γ-secretase (59) |
| · expression of FTIL increases PEN-2 and γ-secretase activity (59) | ||
| GFRA1 | GDNF family receptor α-1 | · deficiency in Alzheimer's neurons results in cell death (60) |
| GLO1 | glyoxylase | · up-regulated in mutant P301L Tau mice (61) |
| · metabolizes methylglyoxal involved in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which trigger inflammatory signals (62) | ||
| HDGF | hepatoma-derived growth factor | · hepatoma-derived growth factor (63) |
| IFITM3 | interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 | · high expression in response to Aβ in APP mice and cultured microglia (64, 65) |
| PCCB | propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain mitochondrial | · associated SNPs for reduced risk of AD and psychosis (66) |
| SERINC1 | serine incorporator 1 | · risk factor in frontotemporal dementia (67) |
| SERPININB6 | serpin B6 | · elevated expression in female AD brain, but not male AD (68) |
| SLC1A4 | neutral amino acid transporter | · regulator of brain d-serine and neurodevelopment (69) |
| STX12 | syntaxin-12 | · participates in syntaxin regulation of protein transport between endosomes and trans-Golgi (70) |
| TROVE2 | 60 kDa SS-A/Ro ribonucleoprotein | · involved in autoimmune disease of Sjogren's syndrome (71) |
| XRCC5 | x-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 | · participates in DNA repair (72) |
Proteins identified only in the mutant Tau-RD-LM exosomes are listed by gene name and description of protein function. All proteins were identified with FDR less than 1% (see supplemental Information S4, Master Workbook, tab 'Tau only'. *MAPT was identified as the mutant Tau-RD-LM as indicated by the tryptic peptide HVLGGGSVQIVYKPVDLSK containing the P301L mutation.