Table 3.

Host biological pathways targeted by helminth miRNAs according to predictions.

Pathways	Helminth-host association
Common to all helminth-host associations
T cell receptor signaling, Ras signaling, Rap1 signaling, FoxO signaling, ErbB signaling	Asu/Ssc, Hco/Oar, Hpo/Mmu, Tmu/Mmu, Cel/Mmu, Cel/Ssc, Cel/Oar
Other pathways of interest in associations involving parasitic species
Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis	Asu/Ssc
Notch signaling pathway	Asu/Ssc, Hpo/Mmu
TGF-beta signaling pathway	Hco/Oar, Tmu/Mmu, Hpo/Tmu
mTOR signaling pathway	Asu/Ssc, Hco/Oar, Tmu/Mmu, Hpo/Mmu
Th17 cell differentiation	Asu/Ssc
Pathways of interest targeted by species-specific miRNA seeds
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway	Asu/Ssc, Hco/Oar, Hpo/Tmu

Selected significantly enriched host pathways are listed, according to adjusted p-value (p < 0.05), focusing on elements of the host immune system. Asu, A. suum; Hco, H. contortus; Hpo, H. polygyrus; Tmu, T. muris; Cel, C. elegans; Ssc, S. scrofa; Oar, O. aries; Mmu, M. musculus.