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. 2020 May 25;10:212. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00212

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Copyright © 2020 Johansson, Willysson, Kristoffersson, Tontanahal, Gillet, Ståhl and Karpman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Shiga toxin 2 delivered by microvesicles utilizes the intracellular retrograde pathway. The intracellular pathway of Shiga toxin 2-positive microvesicles (Stx2-pos MVs) was determined using Retro-2.1. CHO-Gb3 cells were treated with Retro-2.1 or PBS before addition of Stx2-positive microvesicles (Stx2-pos MVs) (n = 11). A significantly higher protein synthesis was observed in CHO-Gb3 cells treated with Retro-2.1 compared to cells without pretreatment (median 69.3 and 44.1%, respectively, compared to untreated cells, defined as 100%). Median protein synthesis per cell is denoted by the bar. **P < 0.01, Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test. Two independent experiments are presented.