TABLE 2.

Statistical analysis of the effects of clonal fragmentation, nutrient availability, and population density in frond width, frond length, root length, specific frond area, mass per ramet, and frond area per ramet of Spirodela polyrhiza.

Effect	df	Frond width	Frond length	Root length	Specific frond area	Mass per ramet	Frond area per ramet
Fragmentation (F)	1,72	14.84***	7.95**	15.53***	8.68**	0.15ns	15.99***
Nutrients (N)	1,72	96.66***	84.39***	398.45***	93.80***	3.92ns	32.94***
Density (D)	27,2	36.81***	38.27***	45.93***	20.31***	7.30**	15.45***
F × N	1,72	0.20ns	1.85ns	1.86ns	0.26ns	0.04ns	1.03ns
F × D	2,72	4.08*	5.08**	1.51ns	3.10*	0.52ns	2.75ns
N × D	2,72	5.61**	2.31ns	5.13**	4.72*	15.12***	1.46ns
F × N × D	2,72	3.36*	4.93*	3.27*	4.19*	0.99ns	3.62*

The given are F values, degree of freedom (df) and significance levels (*** P < 0.001,** P < 0.01,* P < 0.05, and ^nsP ≥ 0.05) of three-way ANOVA.