Table 1.
Summary table of the different technologies and their theranostic properties.
| Stimulus | Nanocarrier | Size (nm) | Administration/targeting | Disease/therapeutic | Imaging | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | poly(amidoamine) dendrimers | 2.8 | N.A./FA vs. FAr | TU/DOX (Ch.T.) | Au NP (CT) | (Zhu et al., 2018) |
| graphene oxide/BSA/PheoA NP | 182 | IV/FA vs. Far | TU/PheoA (PDT)+GO (PTT) | PheoA (FL) | (Battogtokh and Ko, 2016) | |
| CaCO3 NP | 140 | IV/EPR | TU/Ce6(PDT)+ Ch.T. (DOX)+Mn (CDT) | Mn (MRI)+ Ce6 (FL) | (Dong et al., 2016) | |
| MnCO3/FeO/Se NP | 100 | IV/ EPR | TU/Mn and Se (CDT+limotherapy) | Mn (MRI) | (Xiao et al., 2019) | |
| magnetic mesoporous nanocubes (MMM) | 142 | IV//EPR+ magnetic guidance+FA vs. FAr | TU/Vc (CDT)+MMM (HT) | MMM (MRI) | (Li et al., 2020a) | |
| pH+ enzyme | Ferritin nanocages | 20 | Intrarticular/ pep vs. collII | Osteoarthritis/ hydroxychloroquine (AI) | Cy5.5 (FL) | (Chen et al., 2019a) |
| Hyaluronic acid (HA) NP | 90 | N.A./HA vs CD44 | TU/DOX (Ch.T)+ Ce6 (PDT) | Ce6 (FL) | (Ren et al., 2019) | |
| Mesoporous silica | 200 | N.A./EPR | TU/DOX (Ch.T.) | Quantum dots (FL) | (Liu et al., 2016b) | |
| pH+ enzyme+NIR | Gold nanorods | 50 × 12 | IV/glycosyl groups vs. GLUT-1 | TU/gold nanorods and asymmetric cyanine (PTT) | Asymmetric cyanine(FL) | (Zhao et al., 2017) |
| pH + ATP | Fe/tannic acid NP | 79 | IV/ EPR | TU/ICG (PTT) | Fe (MRI)+ ICG(FL) | (Song et al., 2017) |
| pH+GSH | BSA/MNO2 NP | 160 | IV/EPR | TU/CIS (Ch.T)+hafnium (RT) | Mn (MRI) | (Liu et al., 2017) |
| ROS | superparamagnetic Fe nanocubes | 120 | IV/angiopep-2 vs LRP1 | TU/TMZ (Ch.T)+TGFβ siRNA | Fe (MRI) | (Qiao et al., 2018) |
| boronated maltodextrin NP | 350 | IM/N.A. | Peripheral artery disease/4HBA (Sc,AI) | CO2 (US)+ ICG (PA) | (Jung et al., 2019) | |
| Poly(vanillineoxalate) NP | 550 | IV/N.A. | Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury/ Vanillin (Sc.) | CO2 (US) | (Kang et al., 2016) | |
| ROS + GSH | perylene diimide NP | 120 | IV/EPR | TU/CIS (Ch.T)+/Fe (CDT) | PDI/IR790 (ratiometric PA) | (Yang et al., 2018b) |
| GSH. + NIR | hydroxyethyl starch NP | 160 | IV/N.A. | TU/PXY (Ch.T)+DiR (PTT) | DiR (FL+ PA) | (Li et al., 2019b) |
| Heparin/cystamine NP | 211 | IV/EPR | TU/Ce6 (PDT)+PXY (Ch.T.) | Ce6 (FL) | (Yang et al., 2018a) | |
| Cu | upconversion NaYF4:Yb/Er/Tm nanocrystals | 27 | N.A./Cu | Alzheimer's disease/HCQ (Cu chelation) | luminescence resonance energy transfer | (Cui et al., 2016) |
| MMP-2 | Mesoporous silica | 150 | N.A./cRGD vs integrin | TU/CPT (Ch.T.) | TAMRA (FL) | (Hu et al., 2016) |
AI, anti inflammatory; Ch.T., Chemotherapy; CDT, Chemodynamic therapy; CPT, Camptothecin; DOX, Doxorubicin; EPR, Enhanced permeability and retention effect; FA, Folic acid; Far, Folic acid receptor; FL, Fluorescence; GO, Graphen Oxide; GSH, Glutathione; HA, Hyaluronic acid; HT, Hyperthermal therapy; IV, intravenous; LRP1, low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1; MMP, Matrix metallo proteinases; MRI, Magnetic resonance Imaging; NIR, Nearinfrared light; NP, Nanoparticles; PA, Photoacoustic imaging; PDT, Photodynamic tehrapy; Pep, peptide; PTT, Photheral therapy; PXT, Paclitaxel; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; RT, Radiotherapy; Sc, scavenger; TU, Tumor; US, Ultrasound imaging.