Table 1.

Effects of probiotic intake on anticancer therapies' effectiveness.

Probiotic(s)	Probiotic dosage and treatment scheme	Therapeutic treatment scheme	Effect(s)	Reference
L. casei Shirota	Daily intake of 3 × 1010 bacteria for 1 year, starting after transurethral resection (TUR) and the first two epirubicin instillations	30 mg doses of epirubucin soon after TUR and after 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks, respectively	Increased recurrence-free survival in bladder cancer patients	(31)
L. acidophilus	Administration of 2 × 108 CFU/mL	Intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg cisplatin/kg body weight	Decreased tumor size and extended survival in mice with implanted lung cancer	(32)
L. acidophilus + L. paracasei + two strains of B. lactis + B. Bifidum	Daily administration of 1 × 109 CFU for 10 weeks	A weekly dose of 15 mg of 5-FU/kg body weight for 10 weeks	Milder aggressiveness of chemically-induced colorectal tumors in rats	(33)
B. bifidum + B. breve + B. longum + B. lactis	Administrations of 1 × 109 CFU 7 and 14 days after tumor implantation	Immunotherapy with 100 μg αPD-L1 mAb 7, 10, 13, and 16 days after tumor implantation	Decreased tumor volume in mice implanted with melanoma	(34)
A. muciniphila or A. muciniphila + E. Hirae	Five 109 CFU/mL administrations, the first 24 h before the first injection of anti PD-1 mAb and subsequently four times on the same day as anti-PD-1 mAb therapy	Four immunotherapy administrations at 3 day intervals of 250 μg anti-PD-1 mAb	Reduced tumor size in mice with implanted melanoma or sarcoma	(36)
E. coli Nissle 1917	Daily administration of 1 × 109 CFU for 22 (liver cancer) or 27 days (breast cancer) strarting on the day of tumor implantation	45 mg/kg of anti-TGF-β immunotherapy for 7 consecutive days	Decreased tumor size and inhibition of metastatic potential in mice implanted with hepatocellular carcinoma or breast cancer	(35)