Table 1.
In vitro antiviral activity of azithromycin
| Targeted virus | Antiviral activity screening system | Time of drug addition to infected cell culture | Incubation period | MOI | IC50 OR EC50 (µM) | CC50 (µM) | SI a | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS‐CoV‐2 | Vero cells | 15 minutes pre‐treatment | 72 hours | 0.002 |
2.12 EC90: 8.65 |
>40 | >19 | 4 |
| Zika | Vero cells | 12 hours pre‐treatment | 48 hours | 0.1 | 6.59 | 810 | 123 | 8 |
| Huh7 cells | 1.23–4.97 | 1,360 | >273 | |||||
| A549 cells | 4.44 | — | — | |||||
| Hela cells | — | 3,560 | — | |||||
| U87 cells | >1 hour pre‐treatment | 48 hours | 0.01 | 2.1 | 53 | 25 | 9 | |
| 0.1 | 2.9 | — | 18 | |||||
| 3 | 5.1 | — | 10 | |||||
| Astrocytes | 1 | 15 | 44 | 2.9 | ||||
| Ebola | Ebola VLP entry assay (Hela cells) | 1 hour pre‐treatment | 2 hours | N/A |
2.79 IC90: 15.8 |
>500 | >179 | 10 |
| Ebola pseudovirion entry assay (Hela cells) | 8 hours pre‐treatment | 72 hours | N/A |
0.69 IC90: 4.16 |
— | — | 11 | |
| Pseudotype Ebola entry assay (Hela cells) | 1 hour pre‐treatment | 19 hours | N/A | 1.3 | — | — | 12 | |
| Ebola replication assay (Vero 76 cells) | 48 hours | 0.2 | 5.1 | >130 | >25 | |||
| Influenza (H1N1) | A549 cells | Simultaneous | 48 hours | 1 | 68 | >600 | >8.8 | 13 |
| Dengue (Serotype 2) | Vero cells | 12 hours pre‐treatment | 48 hours | 0.01 | 3.71 | 810 | 218 | 8 |
| Rhinovirus | Human bronchial epithelial cells | 24 hours pre‐treatment | 48 hours | 1 | IC50 not calculated; RV replication was inhibited at 10 µM and 50 µM (P < 0.01) | — | — | 14 |
CC50, 50% cytotoxic concentration; EC50, 50% effective concentration; EC90, 90% effective concentration; H1N1, influenza A virus subtype H1N1; h, hour; IC50, 50% inhibitory concentration; IC90, 90% inhibitory concentration; MOI, multiplicity of infection; N/A, not applicable; RV, rhinovirus; SARS‐CoV‐2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SI, selectivity index (CC50/IC50); VLP, virus‐like particle; —, not available.
a
Reported or calculated.