Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics.
| Characteristics | HC (n = 21) | FEP patients (n = 44) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 25.9 ± 1.1 | 29.9 ± 1.3 | 0.04a |
| Gender (male/female) | 11/10 | 27/17 | 0.49b |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 0.6 (20) | 22.5 ± 1.0 (43) | 0.82a |
| Nicotine users % | 0% | 30 % (11/37) | 0.006b |
| DUP (months) | – | 9.7 ± 1.8 (36) | – |
| Medicine | |||
| Antipsychotics | – | 47 %(21) | – |
| Benzodiazepines | – | 28 % | – |
| Zopiclone | – | 23 % | – |
| Antidepressants | – | 10 % | – |
| Antiepileptic drugs | – | 3% | – |
| PANSS | |||
| PANSS positive symptoms | – | 19.5 ± 0.8 | – |
| PANSS negative symptoms | – | 16.0 ± 1.1 | – |
| PANSS general symptoms | – | 37.9 ± 1.8 | – |
| PANSS total | – | 73.4 ± 3.2 | – |
| GAF symptoms | – | 31.8 ± 7.1 | – |
| GAF functioning | – | 41.6 ± 1.7 | – |
| CGI score | – | 4.3 ± 0.2 | – |
| Cognitive test* | |||
| TMT | 23.2 ± 1.1 | 31.4 ± 2.0(n = 39) | 0.00083* |
| BACS_SC | 61.2 ± 1.8 | 47.2 ± 2.1 | 3.063e-06* |
| HVLT_R | 28.7 ± 0.7 | 24.3 ± 0.8 | 8.496e-05* |
| WMS_II_SS | 18.5 ± 0.6 | 16.0 ± 0.5 | 0.00289* |
| LNS | 15.5 ± 0.6 | 13.4 ± 0.5 | 0.00858 |
| NAB_MAZES | 22.9 ± 0.9 | 19.28 ± 0.9 | 0.00689 |
| BVMT_R | 29.5 ± 1.1 | 22.6 ± 1.1 | 3.475e-05* |
| Fluency | 25.2 ± 1.3 | 22.0 ± 0.9 | 0.04453 |
| MSCEIT_ME | 98.0 ± 1.2 | 89.1 ± 2.0 | 0.00046* |
| CPT_IP | 61.6 ± 27.3 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 0.04195 |
Values are given as mean ± S.E.M. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DUP, duration of untreated psychosis; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; CGI, Clinical Global Impression; FEP, first-episode psychosis; HC, healthy controls; BACS-SC, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia Symbol Coding; BVMT-R, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; CGI, Clinical Global Impression; CPT-IP, Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; HVLT-R, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; TMT, Trail Making Test; WMS-III, Wechsler Memory Scale-3rd Edition.
Unpaired t-test.
X2 test.
Significant after Bonferroni-correction, α-value = 0.005.