Table. Epidemiological links and genomic characteristics of blaNDM-1- and blaOXA-48-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by cluster involving at least two countries (n = 15 clusters, n = 56 isolates).
| Cluster number (size) |
Sequence type |
Countries where isolates were detected (year) | SNP distance (range) | β-lactamase resistance genes shared by all isolates | β-lactamase resistance genes not shared by all isolates | Reported history of travel or hospitalisation outside the EU/EEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (n = 2) | ST11 | France (2018), Omana | 38 | blaOXA-1, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-182 | blaTEM-1B | Tunisia (n = 1) |
| 2 (n = 2) | UK (2014), Pakistana | 35 | blaSHV-182, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48 | blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-15 | None | |
| 3 (n = 4) | ST14 | Germany (2016, 2017), the Netherlands (2016, 2017) | 0–29 | blaOXA-1, blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-48 | blaSHV-16, blaSHV-70, blaSHV-73, blaTEM-1A, | Turkey (n = 1) |
| 4 (n = 3) | Germany (2019, n = 2), the Netherlands (2018) | 0–5 | blaOXA-1, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-70, blaTEM-1A | None | Turkey (n = 1) | |
| 5 (n = 2) | France (2019), Germany (2016) | 47 | blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1 | blaSHV-70, blaTEM-1A | None | |
| 6 (n = 2) | France (2019), Germany (2018) | 34 | blaOXA-1, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-15 | blaTEM-1A, blaSHV-28, blaSHV-70 | None | |
| 7 (n = 4) | ST15 | Denmark (2016), France (2019; n = 2), Ireland (2019) | 5–37 | blaOXA-1, blaCMY-4, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48 | blaSHV-12, blaSHV-28, blaSHV-185 | Morocco (n = 3)b |
| 8 (n = 4) | ST101c | Denmark (2017, 2018), Italy (2016), UK (2015) | 11–31 | blaSHV-28, blaOXA-9, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaTEM-1A | blaCTX-M-14b, blaCTX-M-15 | Egypt (n = 3)b |
| 9 (n = 6) | ST101 | Sloveniaa, Serbia (n = 5)a | 1–15 | blaSHV-28, blaOXA-10, blaSCO-1, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15 | blaCMY-4, blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1B | None |
| 10 (n = 2) | Denmark (2017), Slovenia (2014) | 19 |
blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaSHV-28, blaCMY-4, blaTEM-1A, blaOXA-10 |
blaSCO-1 | Serbia (n = 1) | |
| 11 (n = 3) | ST147 | The Netherlands (2016), Spain (2016; n = 2) | 15–36 |
blaSHV-67, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15 |
None | Egypt (n = 1) |
| 12 (n = 2) | Denmark (2016), the Netherlands (2018) | 21 | blaOXA-1, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-12, blaTEM-1B | None | Iran (n = 1) | |
| 13 (n = 3) | France (2018; n = 2), the Netherlands (2019) | 21–39 |
blaSHV-67, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaTEM-1B |
blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-15 | Tunisia (n = 2)b | |
| 14 (n = 4) | ST147/ST2084c | France (2018; n = 2), France (2019), UK (2015) | 10–43 | blaSHV-67, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1B | None | None |
| 15 (n = 13) | ST307 | Finland (2019), Germany (2019; n = 12) | 0–15 | blaSHV-28, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B | None | Russia (n = 1) |
EEA: European Economic Area; EU: European Union; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; UK: United Kingdom.
Including 48 genomes from national collections of EU/EEA countries, 2014–19, and 8 genomes accessed from the public domain available on 23 November 2019.
a Data from the public domain; year not available.
b Same country of travel or hospitalisation was reported for isolates within the cluster from at least two different EU/EEA countries.
c One isolate in cluster 8 and two isolates in cluster 14 had a single nucleotide variation in one multilocus sequence typing allele (rpoB in cluster 8 and mdh in cluster 14).