Table 1.
Reports of human infection with important bacterial zoonoses in Nigeria.
| Zoonosis | Year of Report | Location | Study Subjects | Species/Serovars | Prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bartonellosis | 2018 [14] | Idanre | Community residents | Bartonella rousetti | 3.9% (8/204) |
| Brucellosis | 1974 [106] ∗ | Unavailable | |||
| 1976 [107] ∗ | Western Nigeria | Dairy farmers, slaughter men, general population | Brucella abortus | >55.0% | |
| 1977 [108] | Northern and Western Nigeria | Blood donors, ante-natal patients, abattoir workers, veterinarians, dairy farmers, herdsmen | B. abortus | 59.2% (1186/2010) | |
| 1979 [109] | Ibarapa | Herdsmen, abattoir workers, high school students | B. abortus | 35.6% (103/289) | |
| 1980 [110] | Ibadan | Livestock farmers | B. abortus | 5.9% | |
| 1987 [111] | Minna and Abeokuta | B. abortus | 9.0% | ||
| B. melitensis | 11.7% | ||||
| 1993 [112] ∗ | Maiduguri | Unavailable | |||
| 1996 [113] | Calabar | 18.3% | |||
| 2001 [114] | Maiduguri | Patients | B. abortus | 5.2% (26/500) | |
| 2006 [115] | Ibadan | Butchers, abattoir workers, herdsmen | Brucella spp. | 33.3% (7/21) | |
| 2008 [116] | Sokoto | Prison inmates | B. abortus, B. melitensis | 7.1% (2/28) | |
| 2010 [117] | Jos | Abattoir workers | Brucella spp. | 5.0% (5/101) | |
| 2014 [118] | Makurdi | Patients | B. abortus, B. melitensis | 7.6% (79/1040) | |
| Leptospirosis | 1991 [20] | Plateau | Volunteers |
Leptospira pomona, L. canicola, L. grippotyphosa, L. hardjo, L. pyrogenes, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. autumnalis |
18.0% (128/710) |
| 1993 [21] | Enugu | Coal miners, butchers, abattoir workers, local farmers, hospital laboratory personnel |
L. canicola, L. pomona, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. hardjo, L. pyrogenes, L. autumnalis, L. grippotyphosa |
13.5% (89/661) | |
| 2001 [22] | Nigeria (countrywide) | 20.4% | |||
| 2013 [19] | Abuja | Kennel workers | L. interrogans | 50.0% (10/20) | |
| Q fever | 1959 [119] | Ibadan | Blood donors | Rickettsia burnetii | 3.7% (12/323) |
| 1987 [111] | Minna and Abeokuta | Patients | Coxiella burnetii | 63.3% | |
| 1990 [120] | Sokoto | Patients | C. burnetii | 44.0% (33/75) | |
| Rickettsiosis | 1947 [121] | Jos | Patients | 89.1% (82/92) | |
| 1978 [122] ∗ | Enugu | Patients | Unavailable | ||
| 1987 [111] | Minna and Abeokuta | Patients | Rickettsia conorii | 18.6% | |
| 2008 [123] | Jos | Inmates | R. typhi | 71.1% | |
| Salmonellosis | 1958 [124] ∗ | Ibadan | Patients | NTS | Unavailable |
| 1959 [125] | Ibadan | Blood donors, patients | 74 NTS | 9.5% (200/2117) | |
| 1960 [126] ∗ | Ibadan, Lagos and Jos | Patients, villagers | Salmonella enterica serotypes: S. Dublin, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Chailey, S. Stanleyville, S. Stockholm, S. Aminatu, S. Ank, S. Agama, S. Kaapstad, S. Aequotoria, S. Nigeria, S. Oranienburg, S. Virchow, S. Utah, S. Wangata, S. Oxford, S. Rubislaw, S. Tel-Elkebir, S. Brazil, S. Infantis, S. Dakar, S. Offa, S. Marseille, S. Loenga | Unavailable | |
| 1983 [127] | Lagos | Patients | S. Typhimurium | 1.2% (12/994) | |
| S. Enteritidis | 0.3% (3/994) | ||||
| S. Oranienburg | 0.91% (9/994) | ||||
| 1988 [128] | Abeokuta |
S. Mbandaka, S. Gold Coast, S. Durham, S. Antsalova, S. Wippra, S. Agama, S. Isangi |
4.2% (9/216) | ||
| 1994 [129] | Lagos | Paediatric patients | S. Typhimurium | 1.3% (4/315) | |
| 1995 [130] | Southeast Nigeria | Patients |
S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Hardar, S. Virchow, S. Bredeney, non-typeable strains |
7.4% (60/809) | |
| 2000 [131] | Lagos | Patients | S. Arizonae | 2.5% (16/635) | |
| 2002 [132] | Nsukka | Patients | 11.0% (55/500) | ||
| 2005 [133] ∗ | Zaria | Patients | NTS | Unavailable | |
| 2007 [134] | Lagos | Patients |
S. Enteritidis, S. Arizonae |
10.2% (45/441) | |
| 2008 [135] | Lagos | Patients | Blood (S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis) | 3.0% (6/201) | |
| Stool (S. Typhimurium) | 6.3% (3/48) | ||||
| 2008 [136] | Lagos | Food vendors | S. Enteritidis | 7.6% (4/53) | |
| 2009 [137] | Ibadan | Paediatric patients | S. Typhimurium | 0.08% (1/1210) | |
| 2010 [45] | Ibadan | Patients |
S. Enteritidis, S. Dublin, S. Typhimurium, S. Jukestown, S. Monschaui, S. Oritamerin, S. Apapa |
3.2% (32/991) | |
| 2010 [138] | Lagos | Patients | 4.3% (6/140) | ||
| 2011 [91] | Abuja | Paediatric patients | NTS | 0.8% (8/969) | |
| 2012 [139] | Lagos | Patients | NTS | 64.5% (54919/85187) | |
| 2013 [103] | Maiduguri | Patients |
S. Hadar, S. Eko, S. Enteritidis, S. Give, S. Uganda, S. Amager, S. Verviers, Salmonella 47:mt:- |
5.5% (27/490) | |
| 2014 [140] | Lagos | Patients | S. Enteritidis | 1.9% (2/105) | |
| 2015 [141] | Kano and Abuja | Paediatric patients | NTS | 0.9% (94/10133) | |
| 2017 [142] | Ibadan | Patients | S. Colindale, S. Agama, S. Bredney, S. Butantan, S. Chandans, S. Corvallis, S. Dakar, S. Gatehead, S. Give, S. Kentucky, S. Kibusi, S. Liverpool, S. Nigeria, S. Oranienburg, S. Poona, S. Typhimurium, S. Rubislaw, S. Urbana, Salmonella 4,5,12:i:-, Salmonella 43:d:-, Salmonella 6,7,d | 7.6% (30/394) | |
| 2019 [143] | Lagos | Food handlers |
S. Limete, S. Portland, S. Huettwillen, S. Mowanjum, S. Typhimurium, S. Takoradi, S. Chagoua |
1.96% (7/358) | |
| Yersiniosis | 1982 [100] | Zaria | Patients | Yersinia enterocolitica | 21.3% (10/47) |
| 1983 [127] | Lagos | Patients | Y. enterocolitica | 1.4% (14/994) | |
| 1983 [144] | Lagos | Patients | Y. enterocolitica | 0.55% (6/1082) | |
| 1986 [145] | Lagos and Jos | Patients | Y. enterocolitica | 9.9% (99/1000) | |
| 1987 [146] | Minna and Abeokuta | Patients | Yersinia spp. | 16.4% | |
| 1987 [147] | Ile-Ife | Pupils | Y. enterocolitica | 4.3% (32/752) | |
| 1990 [148] | Calabar | Patients | Y. enterocolitica | 1.0% | |
| 1992 [149] | Lagos | Patients | Yersinia spp. | 1.4% | |
| 1992 [150] | Ibadan | Patients | Y. enterocolitica | 3.8% (8/210) | |
| 1993 [151] | Enugu | Patients | Y. enterocolitica | 1.4% (9/638) | |
| 1994 [129] | Lagos | Paediatric patients | Y. enterocolitica | 0.6% (2/315) | |
| 1996 [152] ∗ | Lagos | Patients | Y. enterocolitica | <0.6% | |
| 1997 [153] | Edo, Lagos and Cross River | Patients | Y. enterocolitica | 1.9% (45/2400) | |
| 2009 [55] | Plateau | Patients |
Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis |
5.8% (29/500) |
NTS = Non-typhoidal Salmonella spp.
∗
Limited accessible data.