Table 1.

Variables, distributions, parameters, and settings used in the simulation study of different scenarios.

	Variables	Distributions &parameters	References
Ward 58 &59, Kolkata
$·$ Population	$N_{\mathit{pop}}$	160,000	Kolkata Municipal Corporation Website (2018)
$·$ Number of households	$N_{\mathit{hh}}$	30,000	Unpublished Data
$·$ Number of shared toilets	$N_{\mathit{tol}}$	3000	Estimated
$·$ Water use per capita	$V_{\mathit{use}}$	200 L/day	Basu (2015)
$·$ Water loss	$Q_l$	35%	Basu (2015)
Simulated sewerage network
$·$ Number of pumping station	$N_{\mathit{pump}}$	1
$·$ Number of edges	$N_{\mathit{edge}}$	1000
$·$ Number of nodes (toilets)	$N_{\mathit{node}}$	3000
Shedding dynamics
$·$ Infection pressure	$\lambda$
$·$ Time (day)	$t$
$·$ Seasonality multiplier	$m_s$	$m_s=-\frac{\mathit{sin}(2\pi t/365)+1}{2}$
$·$ Number of new infections	$X_t$	$\mathit{Poisson}(m_s\lambda )$ generated on day $t$
$·$ Number of new infections generated on day $t$ and entering at toilet $i$	$X_{t,i}$, $i=1,2,\dots ,n$
$·$ Number of days infections duration	$T_{\mathit{shed}}$	14 days	Gibani et al. (2019)
$·$ Probability of shedding given the day of infection ($t_{\mathit{inf}}$)	$P(\mathit{shedding}|t_{\mathit{inf}})$	$\mathit{NB}(r=3,p=0.4)$	Gibani et al. (2019), Assumption
		$P(\mathit{shedding}|t_{\mathit{inf}})=5·\left(\begin{array}{c}\hfill r+t_{\mathit{inf}}+1\hfill \\ \hfill t_{\mathit{inf}}\hfill \end{array}\right)p_{\mathit{inf}}^t{(1-p)}^r$
$·$ Number of S. Typhi shed (N) for the day given shedding	$P(N|\mathit{shedding})$	$\mathit{Lognormal}(\mu =17.92,\sigma =1)$	Expert Communication, Assumption
		$P(N=x|\mathit{shedding})=\frac{1}{\sigma x\sqrt{2\pi }}{e}^{-{(log(x)-\mu )}^2/2{\sigma }^2}$
$·$ Number of S. Typhi entering toilet $i$ on day $t$	$N_{t,i}$, $i=1,2,\dots ,n$
$·$ Percent of decay and loss of S. Typhi	$P(Q_d|d)$	$P(Q_d=x|d)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }(k){\theta }^k}{x}^{k-1}{e}^{-x/\theta }$	Assumption
$(Q_d)$ given the distance $d$		slow: $k=1,\theta =0.25$
		rapid: $k=1,\theta =2$
Sampling
$·$ Volume of samples	$V_s$	PS: 40 L	Pilot Study
		shared toilet: 0.5 L
		PSU: 0.5 L
$·$ Number of toilets pooled per PSU	$n_{\mathit{pool}}$	5
$·$ Number of sampling sites	$n_s$	PS: 1
		shared toilet: 9
		PSU: 9
$·$ LLOD of lab detection	$C_{\mathit{det}}$	low sensitivity	Pilot Study
		PS: 25 GEC/L
		shared toilet or PSU: 2000 GEC/L
		high sensitivity
		PS: 0.25 GEC/L
		shared toilet or PSU: 20 GEC/L
Adaptive sampling site allocation
$·$ Number of days per sample	$n_{\mathit{days}/\mathit{sample}}$	7
$·$ Number of samples per update	$n_{\mathit{samp}/\mathit{update}}$	12
$·$ Number of sites relocated per update	$n_{\mathit{reloc}/\mathit{update}}$	2