EXHIBIT 2.
Overall | Before enrollment | After enrollment | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean, no., % | (SD), % | Mean, no., % | (SD), % | Mean, no., % | (SD), % | Percent change | |
Mean per person per month fills | |||||||
Total | 2.56 | (2.06) | 2.72 | (2.13) | 2.26 | (189) | −17 |
Covered by Medicaid | 2.07 | (186) | 2.43 | (1.94) | 1.39 | (1.50) | −43 |
Circumvented | 0.50 | (113) | 0.30 | (0.85) | 0.87 | (1.45) | 195 |
Mean pharmacies used per person per month | 0.99 | (0.81) | 1.18 | (0.87) | 0.64 | (0.52) | −46 |
No. of subjects with any circumvented fills | 1,566 | 95% | 1,337 | 81% | 1,436 | 87% | 7 |
Percent of person-months with any circumvented fills | 26.1 | 17.6 | 42.3 | 140 |
SOURCEAuthors’ analysis of data from the North Carolina Medicaid program and the North Carolina Controlled Substances Reporting System. NOTES“Circumvented” fills were defined as opioid analgesic or benzodiazepine prescription fills purchased from a community pharmacy in North Carolina and paid for entirely out of pocket despite the purchaser’s having Medicaid coverage. All bivariate associations comparing measures before and after lock-in enrollment were significant (p < 0.001). There were 33,882 person-months observed in the period before lock-in enrollment and 17,916 person-months observed after lock-in enrollment. SD is standard deviation.