Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Variables | AAD | No AAD | P value |
| No. of patients | 45 | 164 | |
| Age, yr | 62.93 ± 22.43 | 51.70 ± 20.97 | 0.002 |
| Male/female | 26/19 | 91/73 | 0.784 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 18 (40.00) | 47 (28.66) | 0.145 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 12 (26.67) | 23 (14.02) | 0.044 |
| Parenteral nutrition, n (%) | 27 (60.00) | 82 (50.00) | 0.249 |
| proton pump inhibitors, n (%) | 38 (84.44) | 145 (88.41) | 0.475 |
| Duration of proton pump inhibitors, h | 10.05 ± 9.67 | 6.88 ± 5.28 | 0.007 |
| Gastrointestinal surgery, n (%) | 3 (6.67) | 8 (4.88) | 0.921 |
| Fasting time exceeding 72 h, n (%) | 18 (40.00) | 81 (49.39) | 0.264 |
| Use of glucocorticoid, n (%) | 14 (31.11) | 65 (39.63) | 0.296 |
| Albumin levels, g/L | 31.87 ± 5.52 | 32.28 ± 8.14 | 0.746 |
| White blood cell count into the ICU, × 109/L | 13.66 ± 8.59 | 13.11 ± 6.98 | 0.658 |
| APACHE II score at admission into the ICU, points | 18.45 ± 7.33 | 16.63 ± 8.05 | 0.177 |
| Duration of antibiotic, d | 10.24 ± 5.94 | 6.19 ± 3.11 | < 0.001 |
| ICU stay time, d | 15.89 ± 10.69 | 8.49 ± 6.31 | < 0.001 |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 3 (6.67) | 16 (9.76) | 0.729 |
AAD: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea; ICU: Intensive care unit.