Table 3. Additional Secondary Outcomes.
| Remdesivir (N=541) |
Placebo (N=521) |
Rate Ratio (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Median time to clinical improvement (95% CI) — days | |||
| Improvement of one category on ordinal scale | 7.0 (6.0 to 8.0) | 9.0 (8.0 to 11.0) | 1.23 (1.08 to 1.41) |
| Improvement of two categories on ordinal scale | 11.0 (10.0 to 13.0) | 14.0 (13.0 to 15.0) | 1.29 (1.12 to 1.48) |
| Discharge or National Early Warning Score ≤2 for 24 hr* | 8.0 (7.0 to 9.0) | 12.0 (10.0 to 15.0) | 1.27 (1.10 to 1.46) |
| Difference (95% CI) | |||
| Hospitalization | |||
| Median duration of initial hospitalization (IQR) — days† | 12 (6 to 28) | 17 (8 to 28) | −5.0 (−7.7 to −2.3) |
| Median duration of initial hospitalization among those who did not die (IQR) — days | 10 (5 to 21) | 14 (7 to 27) | −4.0 (−6.0 to −2.0) |
| Patients rehospitalized — % (95% CI) | 5 (3 to 7) | 3 (2 to 5) | 2 percentage points (0 to 4) |
| Oxygen | |||
| Median days receiving oxygen if receiving oxygen at baseline (IQR) | 13 (5 to 28) | 21 (8 to 28) | −8.0 (−11.8 to −4.2) |
| New use of oxygen | |||
| No. of patients/total no. | 27/75 | 28/63 | |
| Percent of patients (95% CI) | 36 (26 to 47) | 44 (33 to 57) | −8 (−24 to 8) |
| Median days receiving oxygen (IQR) | 4 (2 to 12) | 5.5 (1 to 15) | −1.0 (−7.6 to 5.6) |
| Noninvasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen | |||
| Median days of noninvasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen use during study if receiving these interventions at baseline (IQR) | 6 (3 to 18) | 6 (3 to 16) | 0 (−2.6 to 2.6) |
| New use of new noninvasive ventilation or high-flow oxygen use during the study | |||
| No. of patients/total no. | 52/307 | 64/266 | |
| Percent of patients (95% CI) | 17 (13 to 22) | 24 (19 to 30) | −7 (−14 to −1) |
| Median days of use during the study (IQR) | 3 (1 to 10.5) | 4 (2 to 23.5) | −1.0 (−4.0 to 2.0) |
| Mechanical ventilation or ECMO | |||
| Median days of mechanical ventilation or ECMO during study if receiving these interventions at baseline (IQR) | 17 (9 to 28) | 20 (8 to 28) | −3.0 (−9.3 to 3.3) |
| New use of mechanical ventilation or ECMO during study | |||
| No. of patients/total no. | 52/402 | 82/364 | |
| Percent of patients (95% CI) | 13 (10 to 17) | 23 (19 to 27) | −10 (−15 to −4) |
| Median days of use during the study (IQR) | 21.5 (9 to 28) | 23 (12 to 28) | 1.0 (−6.0 to 8.0) |
*
The National Early Warning Score includes six physiological measures; total scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater clinical risk.
†
The duration of initial hospitalization for patients who died was imputed as 28 days.