Table 3.

Operative and postoperative complications

Cause		Intercostal count (%)	Subxiphoid count (%)	Total count (%)	P‐ value
Operative complications
Operative arrhythmia		3 (1.1%)	7 (3.3%)	10 (2.0%)	0.08
Intraoperative conversion
Completion lobectomy					0.2
Nonvisualized lesion/insufficient safety margin		5 (1.8%)	1 (0.5%)	6 (1.2%)
Iatrogenic bronchial injury		1 (0.4%0	1 (0.5%)	2 (0.4%)
Thoracotomy
Bleeding		2 (0.7%)	2 (0.9%)	4 (0.8%)
Arrhythmia		0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)	1 (0.2%)
Uniportal intercostal
Bleeding		0 (0.0%)	2 (0.9%)	2 (0.4%)
Technical difficulty		0 (0.0%)	1 (0.5%)	1 (0.2%)
Postoperative complications
Prolonged air leak		7 (2.5)	4 (1.9)	11 (2.2%)	0.5
Arrhythmia		0 (0.0)%	1 (0.5%)	1 (0.2%)
Re‐exploration for bleeding		1 (0.4%)	2 (0.9%)	3 (0.6%)