Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | HR (95%CI) | P‐value | HR (95%CI) | P‐value |
| Age, n (%) | ||||
| ≤ 50 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 51–60 | 1.143 (0.975, 1.340) | 0.0997 | 1.053 (0.897, 1.237) | 0.525 250 |
| 61–70 | 1.131 (0.973, 1.316) | 0.1097 | 1.143 (0.980, 1.332) | 0.08785 |
| 71–80 | 1.384(1.189, 1.611) | 2.71E‐05 | 1.373(1.175, 1.604) | 6.76E‐05 |
| >80 | 2.011 (1.693, 2.388) | 1.77E‐15 | 1.635 (1.365, 1.958) | 9.12E‐08 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| White | Reference | |||
| Black | 1.022 (0.918, 1.137) | 0.692 | ||
| Others | 0.876 (0.739, 1.039) | 0.128 | ||
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | ||
| Male | 1.181 (1.095, 1.274) | 1.68E‐05 | 1.127 (1.044, 1.217) | 0.00225 |
| Pathological differentiation, n (%) | ||||
| Well/moderately | Reference | Reference | ||
| Poorly/undifferentiated | 1.471 (1.080, 2.002) | 0.0143 | 1.073 (0.786, 1.4467) | 0.655 06 |
| Primary, n (%) | ||||
| Upper lobe | Reference | Reference | ||
| Middle lobe | 1.000 (0.832, 1.204) | 0.9961 | 0.996 (0,827, 1.199) | 0.964 01 |
| Lower lobe | 1.100 (1.006, 1.203) | 0.0373 | 1.053 (0.962, 1.154) | 0.261 83 |
| Others | 1.549 (1.388, 1.729) | 5.21E‐15 | 1.124 (1.006, 1.256) | 0.03955 |
| T, n (%) | ||||
| T1 | Reference | |||
| T2 | 1.398 (1.248, 1.567) | 8.05E‐09 | ||
| T3 | 1.604 (1.413, 1.822) | 3.33E‐13 | ||
| T4 | 1.996 (1.788, 2.228) | < 2E‐16 | ||
| N, n (%) | ||||
| N0 | Reference | |||
| N1 | 1.324 (1.159, 1.512) | 3.62E‐05 | ||
| N2 | 2.070 (1.900, 2.256) | < 2E‐16 | ||
| N3 | 2.267 (2.005, 2.563) | < 2E‐16 | ||
| M, n (%) | ||||
| M0 | Reference | |||
| M1 | 3.126 (2.889, 3.382) | <2E‐16 | ||
| Stage, n (%) | ||||
| I | Reference | Reference | ||
| II | 1.264 (1.075, 1.486) | 0.00453 | 1.283 (1.088, 1.513) | 0.00298 |
| III | 2.003 (1.773, 2.262) | <2E‐16 | 1.824 (1.586, 2.097) | < 2E‐16 |
| IV | 4.768 (4.228, 5.378) | <2E‐16 | 3.478 (3.008, 4.021) | < 2E‐16 |
| Lymph nodes removed, n (%) | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.299 (0.274, 0.327) | <2E‐16 | 0.669 (0.569, 0.786) | 1.06E‐06 |
| Therapy, n (%) | ||||
| No therapy | Reference | Reference | ||
| Only surgery | 0.157 (0.139, 0.178) | <2E‐16 | 0.399 (0.327, 0.487) | < 2E‐16 |
| Only chemotherapy | 0.476 (0.416, 0.546) | <2E‐16 | 0.423 (0.368, 0.487) | < 2E‐16 |
| Only radiotherapy | 0.702 (0.621, 0.793) | 1.55E‐08 | 0.691 (0.611, 0.782) | 4.17E‐09 |
| Surgery and chemotherapy | 0.129 (0.107, 0.156) | <2E‐16 | 0.282 (0.222, 0.359) | < 2E‐16 |
| Surgery and radiotherapy | 0.262 (0.201, 0.343) | <2E‐16 | 0.493 (0.369, 0.660) | 1.87E‐06 |
| Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 0.389 (0.349, 0.434) | <2E‐16 | 0.408 (0.364, 0.457) | < 2E‐16 |
| Trimodality therapy | 0.160 (0.130, 0.197) | <2E‐16 | 0.281 (0.219, 0.360) | < 2E‐16 |
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.