Table 3.

Association of Heart Failure Type and All-Cause Mortality at 3 Years in the Trivandrum Heart Failure Registry

Variable	Model 1*			Model 2†			Model 3‡
	HR	95% CI	P Value	HR	95% CI	P Value	HR	95% CI	P Value
HFpEF	0.82	0.67–0.99	.05	0.84	0.69–1.03	.09	0.87	0.69–1.07	.19
Age (per 10 years)				1.22	1.14–1.30	<.001	1.24	1.15–1.33	<.001
Male sex				1.01	0.84–1.22	.93	0.95	0.77–1.16	.59
Current smoker							1.15	0.88–1.48	.31
Diabetes							1.13	0.94–1.35	.21
COPD							1.05	0.82–1.35	.67
SBP (per 10 mm Hg)							0.93	0.90–0.96	<.001
NYHA III							1.83	0.94–3.57	.07
NYHA IV							2.80	1.43–5.48	<.01
Serum creatinine (per mg/dL)							1.12	1.04–1.22	<.01
Beta-blocker							0.69	0.57–0.82	<.001
ACE-I or ARB							0.70	0.58–0.86	<.001

HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; EF, ejection fraction; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker.

^*Model 1 is the unadjusted univariable model evaluating the relationship between HFrEF and all-cause mortality in the Trivandrum Heart Failure Registry.

^†Model 2 is adjusted for age and sex.

^‡Model 3 is adjusted for age per 10 years, sex, current smoking status, SBP per 10 mm Hg increase, diabetes, NYHA functional class, COPD, serum creatinine, and beta-blocker and ACE-I or ARB on admission.