. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;64(1):195–204. doi: 10.3233/JAD-180229

Table 1.

Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics [mean (SD) or %] by group.

	Normal Controls (N=475)	Early SCD (N=143)	Late SCD (N=106)	MCI (N=616)	F or χ²	p-value	Effect size
Demographics and emotional/functional inventories
Age	73.07 (6.66)	74.07 (7.21)	74.74 (7.20)	73.82 (7.20)	F=2.30	.076	η_p²=.005
Education	16.40 (2.73)^a	16.22 (2.61)	16.24 (2.68)	15.81 (2.87)^d	F=4.22	.006	η_p²=.009
Female, %	50.6%	45.5%	37.7%	40.7%	χ²=13.06	.005	φ=.099
GDS	1.16 (1.30)^a	1.31 (1.42)	1.08 (1.24)^a	1.58 (1.42)^bd	F=10.36	<.001	η_p²=.023
Cognitive measures
MMSE	28.91 (1.25)^abc	28.45 (1.60)^ad	28.25 (1.78)^ad	27.42 (1.87)^bcd	F=76.96	<.001	η_p²=.147
Animal Fluency (z-score)	0.14 (0.91)^abc	−0.23 (0.76)^abd	−0.71 (0.96)^cd	−0.94 (0.92)^cd	F=132.29	<.001	η_p²=.229
BNT (z-score)	0.14 (0.78)^ab	−0.15 (0.99)^ab	−0.68 (1.12)^acd	−1.36 (1.91)^bcd	F=101.64	<.001	η_p²=.186
TMT Part A (z-score)	0.21 (0.72)^ab	0.10 (0.82)^ab	−0.42 (0.98)^acd	−1.05 (1.84)^bcd	F=83.09	<.001	η_p²=.157
TMT Part B (z-score)	0.11 (0.72)^ab	−0.06 (0.92)^a	−0.46 (1.20)^ad	−1.27 (1.80)^bcd	F=98.77	<.001	η_p²=.183
AVLT Delayed recall (z-score)	0.27 (0.82)^abc	−0.66 (0.70)^ad	−0.85 (0.84)^ad	−1.36 (0.85)^bcd	F=354.73	<.001	η_p²=.444
AVLT Recognition (z-score)	0.28 (0.63)^abc	−0.30 (1.03)^ad	−0.54 (0.81)^ad	−1.65 (1.39)^bcd	F=295.48	<.001	η_p²=.399
Process scores
Intrusion Errors (z-score)	0.13 (0.85)^abc	−0.76 (1.36)^abd	−0.22 (1.30)^cd	−0.40 (1.27)^cd	F=30.27	<.001	η_p²=.064
Learning Slope (z-score)	0.19 (0.95)^abc	−0.72 (1.03)^ad	−0.47 (1.05)^ad	−1.20 (1.01)^bcd	F=176.91	<.001	η_p²=.285
Retroactive Interference (z-score)	0.23 (0.82)^abc	−0.77 (1.42)^ad	−0.60 (1.25)^ad	−1.36 (1.49)^bcd	F=141.93	<.001	η_p²=.242

Note:

significantly different from MCI

significantly different from late SCD

significantly different from early SCD

significantly different from normal controls. For the E-SCD classification, 86.7% of the participants (n=124) were classified based on 1 neuropsychological total score impairment + 1 process score impairment, and 13.3% of the participants (n=19) were classified based on 2 process score impairments. GDS= Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE=Mini Mental Status Exam; BNT=Boston Naming Test; TMT=Trail Making Test; AVLT=Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.