Table 13.III.
NPs in clinical trials for applications in metastasis diagnosis, therapy and theranostics.
| Nano-system | Active compound | Administration route | Application in clinical trials | Activity time | Primary purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNPs | - | Injection | Predicting lymph node metastasis (phase I, NCT03632746) | 2018 | Diagnosis |
| PEG-Si-Cornell dots | cRGDY | IV | Mapping of nodal metastases;
intraoperative sentinel lymph node mapping (phase II, NCT02106598) |
2014-2019 | Diagnosis |
| Combidex® | - | MRI | Lymph node imaging (phase II, NCT00416455);
approved in some European countries - application withdrawn from EMA (Sinerem 2007)/ application withdrawn from FDA (2005) |
2015-2018 | Diagnosis |
| NAB | PTX/GCT | - | Circulating tumor cells as a potential biomarker for metastatic pancreatic cancer;
treatment monitoring (phase II, NCT02707159) |
2016 | Diagnosis |
| USPIO | Ferumoxytol | MRI | Metastatic medullary thyroid cancer follicular thyroid cancer lymph node metastasis (NCT01927887) | 2013-2017 | Diagnosis |
| ABI-007 | PTX | Infusion | Metastasis (phase II, NCT00046514) | 2002-2016 | Therapy |
| Alu gel | 3H1 | Colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver (phase II, NCT00033748) | 2016 | Therapy | |
| Abraxane albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation | PTX | Topical | Recurrent breast cancer;
skin metastases (phase II, NCT00821964) |
2009-2018 | Therapy |
| AuroLase® | - | - | Refractory and/or recurrent tumors for head and neck cancer (NCT00848042);
treatment of primary and/or metastatic lung tumours (NCT01679470) |
2009-2017;
2012-2016 |
Therapy |
| BIND-014 | DTX | Injectable Suspension | Advanced solid tumour cancers and metastatic cancer (phase I, NCT01300533) | 2011-2016 | Therapy |
| CriPec® | DTX | IV | Metastatic cancer (phase I, NCT02442531) | 2015-2018 | Therapy |
| LCP-AA | HIF1α siRNA | PDT | SCC4 and SAS cell lines (derived from a squamous carcinoma of human tongue with expression of sigma receptors) | - | Therapy |
| LEP-ETU | PTX | Injection | Metastatic breast cancer (phase IV, NCT02996214) | 2016 | Therapy |
| NAB (nanoparticle albumin-bound) | PTX | IV | Metastatic pancreatic cancer (phase II, NCT03697239);
metastatic thyroid gland carcinoma (phase II, NCT03181100); head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (phase I, NCT02495896) |
2018-2019;
2017-2019; 2015-2018 |
Therapy |
| NBTXR3 | Hafnium oxide | Radiotherapy | Recurrent Head and neck cancer (phase II, NCT03589339) | 2018 | Therapy |
| NC-6004 | CDDP | IV | Recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (phase I, NCT02817113) | 2016 | Therapy |
| Polymeric Micelles (PM) | Docetaxel | IV | Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) metastatic (phase II, NCT03585673) | 2018 | Therapy |
| Promitil | Mytomycin-C | IV with EBR | Metastatic disease (phase I, NCT03823989) | 2019 | Therapy |
| SGT-53 | p53 | IV | Metastatic pancreatic cancer and recurrent glioblastoma (phase II, NCT02340156) | 2015-2017 | Therapy |
| SOR007 | PTX | Topical ointment | Non-melanoma cutaneous metastases (phase II, NCT03101358) | 2017-2019 | Therapy |
| ThermoDox | DOX | Injection with RFA | Metastatic tumour of liver (phase I, NCT00441376) | 2007-2019 | Therapy |
| TKM-080301 | siRNA directed against human PLK1 mRNA | Injection | Colorectal cancer with hepatic metastases (phase I, NCT01437007) | 2011-2018 | Therapy |
| CALAA-01 | siRNA | IV | Inhibit tumour/metastasis growth and/or reduce tumour size (phase I, NCT00689065) | 2008-2013 | Therapy |
| 177Lu-PSMA617 | Lu177 | Radionuclide therapy | Progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (phase II, NCT03392428) | 2018 | Theranostic |
177Lu-PSMA617: prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy (PRLT) using 177Lu (isotopos of lutetium); 3H1: monoclonal antibody anti-idiotype vaccine; ABI-007: albumin-stabilised nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel; ALU: specific DNA sequence; AuroLase®: silica-gold nanoshells coated with (poly) ethylene glycol (PEG); BIND-014: PSMA-targeted polymeric nanoparticles; CALAA-01: targeted nanocomplex that contains anti-R2 siRNA; Cis-Pt: cisplatin; CNPs: carbon nanoparticles; Combidex®: ferumoxtran-10; cRGDY: cyclo-[Arg-Gly-Asp-Tyr] peptides; DOX: doxorubicin; DTX: docetaxel; EBR: external beam radiotherapy; LCP-AA: anisamide-targeted lipid-calcium-phosphate; LEP-ETU: liposomal encapsulated paclitaxel; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NAB: nanoparticle albumin-bound; NBTXR3: first-in-class of radioenhancer hafnium oxide nanoparticle; NC-6004: nanocarrier has prepared micellar nanoparticles containing cisplatin derivatives; PDT: photosan-based photodynamic therapy; PEG-Si-Cornell dots: silica nanoparticles with a NIR fluorophore, PEG coating, and a 124I radiolabeled; PMSA: prostate specific membrane antigen; PTT: photothermal therapy; PTX/GCT: paclitaxel/gemcitabine; RFA: radiofrequency ablation; SGT-53: liposomal nanocomplex designed for systemic, tumor-targeting delivery of the wt p53 gene; SOR007: topical nanoparticle paclitaxel ointment; TKM-080301: lipid nanoparticle formulation of a siRNA against PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1); USPIO: ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide.