FIGURE 5.

Formation of mitochondrial derived vesicles (MDVs) as a quality control mechanism or antigen presentation. Generation of MDVs in response to oxidative stress requires PINK1 and Parkin, while STX17, SNAP29, and VAMP7 are required for their fusion with the lysosome. These vesicles contain oxidized cargo that are degraded in the lysosomes. MDVs are also formed in response to LPS exposure or heat stress and require the Rab7, Rab9, and SNX9. The mitochondrial antigens are processed in the lysosome for subsequent presentation on MHC class I molecules at the cell surface.